What parts of cells are the most important? Cell under a microscope

There are millions of different types of organisms. Of them to a non-cellular forms of life are viruses. All the other its smallest, but the main structural unit have a cage. Therefore, it is an important indicator of individuality of being, of belonging to a particular Kingdom of nature. Parts and organelles of the cell can explain how living and growing organism, what processes happen inside it. Knowledge of the structure of the structural units is important for understanding the whole of nature in General.

General plan of the structure of cells

The Cell under the microscope - a spectacle quite interesting. It's amazing how much is hidden from the human eye and exists at the level of the microcosm! With the invention of this unique optical device has become possible to become part of this level is to study and understand the mechanisms of life, to learn how to intervene in them and use for the benefit of people.

Thus, it was found that not all organisms have the same unit structure. The differences are present in almost each representative of the Kingdom. For example, the main parts of the plant cells different from those in animals. The features are the structures of bacteria and fungi. However, you can still identify the General principles of the structure of cells.

1. Genetic material in the form of DNA molecules (eukaryotic organisms - plants, fungi, animals - is concentrated in the nucleus, prokaryotes (bacteria) are the kernel does not have).
2. Cytoplasmic membrane separating the internal contents from the external space and impact.
3. Cytoplasm with organelles and inclusions.

Many of the organelles are the same for all cells, which once again confirms the unity of origin of all life on our planet. Structural parts in each unit of living quite a lot. It is, for example, about:

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• Mitochondria;
• Lysosomes;
• The Golgi apparatus;
• EPS (reticulum or reticulum);
• Ribosomes;
• Particles of protein and carbohydrate nature and others.

  

There are oncospecific organelles that are characteristic only of representatives of a separate Kingdom of living things. For example, the main part of plant cell - not only the core but also the cell wall, and vacuole. Important plastids, but these structures are not in animal units.

What parts of cells are the most important?

The Answer to this question is quite complex. After all, without any of its structural parts of the cell can not normally live and grow. But you can still distinguish some of the most important functions of the organelles and parts.

1. The Nucleus, nucleoli, and genetic material is concentrated in the chromosomes.
2. Cell wall (for plants), cytoplasmic membrane (all cells), the protective mucosal shell (for bacteria).
3. Cytoplasm structural components.

   

These components are the basis for any cells, regardless of organism to one or another form. Among the organelles of the cytoplasm is also possible to designate which cell is the most important.

1. Mitochondria.
2. Ribosomes.
3. EPS.
4. Lysosomes.
5. Machine (complex) Golgi.

Obviously, the main can be called the most of all structural units of the unit of structure of organisms.

The Kernel and its structure

Historically formed the opinion that the main part of the cell nucleus. However, not all of them have it. So, no of cores:

• Mature erythrocytes;
• The cells of conducting tissues of plants;
• Bacteria.

There are the types in which several cores. For example:

• Poperechnopolosta muscles;
• Mushrooms;
• Algae;
• Milky plant vessels.

In General, the General plan of the structure of the considered structure one. There are several main parts that make up any kernel.

1. The Karyolemma (nuclear envelope) is a double membrane structure that serves as a barrier between the cytoplasm and the inner part of the kernel. Thereto with the outer side of attached ribosomes, and the Golgi complex.
2. Karyoplasm - internal gel-like matrix that fills the nucleus. Another name - nucleoplasm. Contains different proteins, ribosomal RNA.
3. Chromatin that can in the period of dividing to spiralizatia in a tightly Packed chromosome. Its composition is mostly provided by the DNA strands. There are also ions of calcium and magnesium, proteins, RNA, lipids.
4. The Nucleoli localized around fragments of chromosomes. Consist of RNA, DNA, proteins. Serve for the Assembly of subunits of ribosomes, synthesis of R-RNA (ribosomal RNA).

   

This is a General outline of the structure of the nucleus, from which it is obvious that the value of this structure in every cell, is decisive for the reproduction, storage and transmission of genetic information, the combination of genetic traits.

The Cytoplasm and its importance

The importance of this structure was revealed only with the invention particularly powerful for increasing equipment. Prior to that, she was supposed to be just a breeding ground for organelles. Now, however, found that the cytoplasm has the following structure.

1. Cytoskeleton - the complex of protein microfilaments and tubules that form a backbone network. Inside it and movethe organelles of the cell.
2. Cytosol or hyaloplasm - colloid inside of the cytoskeleton, in which the dissolved mineral water are lipids, proteins, carbohydrates. Here are the processes of cell metabolism, reported the structures between.
3. Ecto of the cytoplasm directly adjacent to the membrane. An - all space located between the karyolemma and ectoplasm.

   

In the cytoplasm, the processes of intracellular transport, allowing you to be in close contact with all the constituent parts. Thanks to the constant dynamic motion of the considered structure, the organelles within cells move.

Cytoplasmic membrane

Represents silipigni elastic layer, penetrated by protein molecules. The most common theory of the structure of this organoid - liquid-mosaic model. It serves to separate the external and internal environment of the cell. It has selective permeability, therefore, prevents and protects against the ingress of foreign particles. In many respects, it supports the shape of cells.

If the answer to the question: "What parts of cells are the most important?", the first would stand that membrane, because it is for each of them. Differences in the composition occur in different types of organisms. For bacteria characteristic included in the chitin, for animals - his absence.

Mitochondria

The Data structure is often called energy, or "power stations" of cells. It is precisely these processes of oxidative phosphorylation, which releases energy from ATP molecules (adenosine triphosphate). In the future, this energy is the source of all vital processes, both internal and external.

The names of the parts of the cell were not always taken up immediately. In the case of mitochondria originally in 1894, these structures were described under the name of bioblast.

By Itself, the structure of this organelles is quite interesting. The outer membrane bilayer. The inner layer has a folded structure that forms the cristae, which are numerous ribosomes.

Mitochondria have their own DNA and two RNAS (transport and matrix). There is also a complex of proteins. A number of the structures in the cell can vary, that is dependent on the activity of the authority. The greatest number of mitochondria contain muscle cells.

Ribosomes

Small round dark structures that are visible when examining cells under the electron microscope, are called ribosomes. It is also the main part of the cell, because they take a direct active part in the Assembly of protein molecules.

By Themselves, they are represented by ribonucleoproteins and constitute the fourth part of the entire mass of cells. Consist of two unequal subunits that are United into one rounded. Attached to the Golgi complex, and mitochondria, the nucleus. Located inside of certain parts.

It is in the ribosomes synthesize protein molecules, essential for all plastic processes and energy metabolism.

Endoplasmic reticulum

The Cell under a microscope resembles strongly striated maze. This happens due to this structure, as the EPS or endoplasmic reticulum, reticulum. It represents a whole network of ramified canals and tubes, the bubbles, which bind all the organelles and particularly closely concentrated around the nucleus.

It is for these tubes and canals of the movement (transport) of various particles from one part of cell to another. Therefore EPS is also one of its main structures.

The Cell wall and vacuole - parts of plant cells

Now, to answer the question: "What parts of cells are the most important in plants?", in addition to these, you should add a few more. First is the cell wall. It's a tight shell, following the cytoplasmic membrane. It consists of cellulose and other carbohydrates and provides extra strength to the cells. The trees she is impregnated with a special substance - lignin. That's why their trunks are so strong. Also the cell wall is a structure that forms the shape of the whole cell.

The Vacuole is the largest part of plant units of the structure. It takes up almost the entire volume of the internal space of the cell. Filled inside with a fluid representing the cell SAP. It's a mixture of water, vitamins, minerals, hormones, carbohydrates.

Plastids

Another part of plant cells - plastids. Represented by three species:

• Leucoplast - colourless;
• Chromoplast red, orange and yellow pigments;
• Chloroplasts - contain green pigment chlorophyll.

The Most important are last, as they take a direct part in the processes of photosynthesis.