That forms the front of the brain and what functions it performs

The forebrain is the most Rostral branch of the nervous system. It consists of large hemispheres (cortex) and the basal ganglia. Last, being in the cortex located between the frontal parts of the brain and the intermediate brain. The composition of these nuclear structures include the caudate nucleus, the putamen, which together make up the striatum. Its name it received due to the alternation of gray matter, consisting of nerve cells, and white. These elements of the brain along with the pale Orb which is called pallidum form striopallidarnoy system. This system in mammals, including humans, is the main nuclear apparatus and the processes involved in motor behavior and other important functions.

The structure of the basal ganglia consists of subcortical nuclei that have very diverse cellular composition. In the pale globe are large and small neurons. Striatum have similar cellular organization. The neurons striopallidarnoy system are impulses from the cortex of the hemispheres, the thalamus, stem cores.

The functions of the subcortical nuclei?

Kernel striopallidarnoy system involved in the coordination of movements and physical activity. Irritation of the caudate nucleus, causing head turns a stereotypical character and shaking movement of the hands or the anterior extremities of animals. In the process of studying striped body, clarified that it has importance in the process of memorizing movements. Irritating to this structure interferes with memory and learning. Striopallidarnoy system has an inhibitory effect on motor activity and its emotional components, for example an aggressive reaction.

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The Bark of the cerebral hemispheres

The forebrain includes the formation, which is called the crust. She is considered the youngest formation of the brain. Morphologically, the cortex consists of gray matter that covers the brain and has a large area due to the many folds and convolutions. Gray matter consists of a huge number of nerve cells. Consequently, the number of synaptic connections is very large, this ensures the process of storing and processing the received information. Due to the appearance and evolution, we distinguish ancient, old and new bark. During the evolution of mammalian neocortex has developed particularly quickly. Ancient crust is composed of the olfactory bulbs and tracts, the olfactory tubercles. Part of the old part of cingulate gyrus, amygdala and gyrus gippokampa. The remaining area owned by the new cortex.

The Nerve cells of the cortex of the hemispheres are located in layers and orderly, its composition, forming six layers:

1st - called molecular, is formed a plexus of nerve fibers and contains a minimum number of nerve cells.

The 2nd is called the external granular. It consists of small neurons in various forms like grains.

3rd - consists of pyramidal neurons.

4th - grained inner like the outer layer, consists of small neurons.

5th - contains Betz cells (giant pyramidal cells). The processes of these cells (axons)form the pyramidal tract, which reaches the caudal areas and passes in front of the spinal cord.

6th - multiforme, consists of neurons of the triangular and spindle-shaped.

Although the neural organization of the cortex has a lot in common, more detailed study showed the differences that appear in the course of the fibers, the size and number of cells and the branching of their detritus. Studying the human brain, a map was created of the cortex, which includes 11 regions and 52 of the field.

What does the forebrain?

Very often ancient and old cortex combined. They form the olfactory brain. The front brain is also responsible for nastraivanie and attention, is involved in autonomic reactions. The system involved in instinctive behavior and the formation of emotions. In experiments on animals, when the irritant effect on the old bark, there are the effects associated with the digestive system: chewing, swallowing, peristalsis. Also an irritating effect on the tonsils causes a change in the function of internal organs (kidney, uterus, bladder). Some areas of the cortex are involved in memory processes.

Together, the hypothalamus, limbic areas and anterior brain (ancient and old cortex), form the limbic system that maintains homeostasis and ensures the preservation of the species.