The formed elements of blood

Blood – biological fluid, constantly circulating in the blood system containing nutrients and gases. Thanks to her, the exchange of substances in the body, tissues and organs receive all necessary for their life and give products of metabolism. It consists of cells called formed elements, and plasma. Blood cells account for slightly more than 40% of blood volume, the remaining part falls on the liquid part of blood-plasma. Blood in the body performs a number of important functions – nutritional, respiratory, protective, heat transfer.

All blood cells are divided into three large groups of cells-erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The bulk of the cells are erythrocytes, which are sometimes called red blood cells. It is the red blood cells gives blood a red color. The main function of red blood cells – to carry out gas exchange, that is to be transported to body cells oxygen and take away from them carbon dioxide. To perform gas exchange red blood cells contain a special protein called hemoglobin. The shape of the red blood cells similar to concave on both sides of the disks. Thanks to a form they can easily penetrate the smallest capillaries. In addition, the concavity on both sides allows to increase the surface of red blood cells, which is essential for oxygen transport. Red blood cells have no nuclei. The lifespan of these cells from 90 to 120 days in males a liter of blood on average contains 5x10 in 12 degree, and women – 4,5x10 12 degrees of red blood cells.

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The Next type of blood cells-leukocytes, i.e. white blood cells. These corpuscles perform an important role in protecting the body against pathogenic bacteria, viruses, various foreign substances. They cleanse the source of infection after the destruction of the bacteria, produce antibodies that play an important role in the formation of the immune system. Leukocytes are formed in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes. It is colorless cells with well developed nuclei. The content of leukocytes in the blood – 4-10 x 10 to ninth power per liter of blood.

Depending on the presence of cytoplasmic granularity of leukocytes are divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes. To the granulocytes are eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils, to the agranulocytes-lymphocytes and monocytes. Each leukocyte has its own specialization, responsible for performing different types of functions.

Blood cells called platelets, in fact, are fragments of large cells-megakaryocytes. Platelets also called blood plates. Like the leukocytes, they are colorless, do not contain nuclei, have irregular shapes. Platelets are extremely volatile, are rapidly destroyed in the latest drugs. Platelets play a critical role in the processes of folding, blood clots and stop bleeding. The number of platelets in the blood ranges from 200 to 400х10 at 9 degrees per liter of blood.

The formed elements of blood are formed in the hematopoietic organs, which are the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen. In the body there is an inextricable link formed elements with the organs in which they are produced and destroyed and the regulation of this process.

The Contents of different types of formed elements – the magnitude is relatively constant. Deviations from the norm can be an important symptom of various diseases. The number of different types of blood cells reflects a detailed General analysis of blood leukocyte formula. This analysis includes the amount of hemoglobin, color index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood corpuscles. The table reflects the analysis of all these indicators in norm with which to compare the results.