How to make a floor on the ground

Technology floor covering on the soil surface is often applied in the projects of country houses. Moreover, it should not be confused with decorative trim as such, is formed as a multi-purpose “cake”, in the capabilities list which is present and weight bearing support. When compared with other choices of the initial ceiling, the floors on the ground will differ in practicality and efficiency. However, the technology of their devices has its difficulties, so the workflow should be approached with the utmost responsibility.

In some cases, a technology

To Use this method of flooring is possible with band, bar and other types of foundations that do not provide for filling the entire working platform of a monolithic platform. For example, in the case of tile-based or integrated screed concrete structure itself will act as a rough overlap. In other configurations, the Central floor base must interlock with the structural elements of the Foundation.

In the case of tape walls floors associated with the side walls of the structure, and when the pier Foundation situated adjacent to the raft. Technological limitations in terms of structural flooring on the ground, with a focus on the height of the pile caps does not exist. This parameter should be calculated based on what level will have the front door. This important mark, because errors in the distribution of the bottom of the door boxes and the position of the opening in the tape in the future will require the formation of additional scrapbooks.

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Cases when experts fundamentally recommend the use of floor based on the ground a bit. Except that the lifting scheme to rough ceiling on stilts makes impractical the use of this technology. However, neither the seismic conditions, nor the level of groundwater by freezing do not impose any restrictions on the creation of the outdoor platforms of this type.

Floor Layers

The Whole structure is formed on a gravel base, which has to be efficiently condensed. Moreover, the sod sometimes maintained that allows you to increase the effect of thermal insulation. The first structural layer will make the crust for the future on the ground floor, the thickness will be of the order of 15-20 cm By the way, the total height of the “pie” will be 50-70 cm Filling made of sand and large gravel. The main objective of this level is to protect against capillary rise of water, but also on problem soils the crust acts as a levelling layer.

Then follows a rough screed, the thickness of 5-7 see Her perform on the waterproofing layer (e.g., polyethylene film) with the use of river sand and small gravel. This is the first reinforcing layer, followed by pouring a full and insulation materials. As for the basic waterproofing, it operates from the roofing material in one layer or multiple layers. Insulation for floor on the ground can be arranged by using extruded polystyrene foam, and foam density 30-35 kg/m³.

The Final layers will form the finishing coating – tie and decorative trim. As for the former, its thickness will be about 10 cm, the Mortar is made from sand and fine gravel and in the process of casting can armirovat. For finishing decorative coating in the case of a concrete base there are no restrictions.

Structural variants of the device

Requirements for flooring can vary depending on the conditions of the future operation. But also, there are user requests that must meet the load-bearing screed. In both cases, you need to initially determine the different ways of project implementation. Fundamental deviations from the standard techniques can not be, but some structural nuances, it is desirable to consider in advance. For a start, the question of whether the basis of sex is to have walls. So, on the screed, reinforced with wire diameter of 4 mm, allowed the location of the internal brick walls or block walls with a thickness of 10 cm

If the house increased requirements in terms of insulation, the floor construction on the ground should be performed with a gap between the walls and the finishing screed 2 cm Lower levels have to join the walls. A gap is left for a future strip coolants – for example, electric heating cables or contours of water pipes radiant heating systems.

Another important point of technical devices for load on the bearing base. This question is also linked to the need for the introduction of reinforcing elements in rough screed. If it is assumed that the pressure on the floor will not exceed 200 kg/m², to strengthen it is better to use the same wire with a diameter of 4 mm. In other cases, limited to the reinforcement mesh wire thickness up to 3 mm.

Choosing the materials

At Almost every stage of the device of the next layer can occur in the choice of fork material. Asa rule, it concerns means for the implementation of the spill, the loose insulation and spilling. It has been noted that the basis for these layers can be formed from a combination of sand and crushed stone of different fractions. But, for example, gravel is sometimes replaced by expanded clay. And in this choice it is necessary initially to evaluate the tasks that will solve the crust. If it is arranged as a protection against capillary rise of groundwater, concrete block cannot be used because it will swell upon contact with liquid. However, as the lining and even the insulation material it is more cost-effective than gravel. With “pillow” of expanded clay it is possible to create a warm floor on a ground in its very basis, which further eliminates the need for laying additional coolants. But for replacement of the same extruded polystyrene foam you'll need a layer of expanded clay at least 15 cm is the Main problem in such a change is caused by the complexity of the leveling insulation flooring.

Extended a view that granular materials can replace broken brick and construction waste. This approach can be justified only because of the financial savings, but as a full-fledged protection of groundwater or the alignment of filling a filler is not necessary.

The unit has wood floor

The Weak point of capital floor coverings for ground surfaces is considered to have insufficient strength and durability. In the case of wooden decks, these shortcomings are amplified, therefore, to apply this technology should be in the construction of small houses. At the same time device this type of floor has its advantages, mainly the possibility of providing air circulation in the underground niche. The fact that between the wooden decking and gravel area remains free space with adjustable air ducts with channels in the walls.

In the first stage cleared and compacted soil. In the future, it is not necessary to cover with a crust or to arrange a tie. The power base will perform columnar construction recommendations brickwork. On them is based the design of Las, which can be implemented in the form of crates. As for insulators, wooden floors on the ground are pre-protected by steam-, hydro - and thermal insulation. As material support for protective coatings you can use reinforcing mesh. The top layer is a boardwalk. Its elements are nailed to the joists and additionally held together with metal ties. This coating can act as a base for decorative finishes.

Concrete floor on the ground

The More common way of implementation of the technology, which is characterized by durability, functionality and its technical characteristics are slightly inferior to the monolithic foundations. As already mentioned, as are the layers of rockfill, gidroizolyator and spilling. Next, constructed the first layer of screed from sand-cement mortar. After this layer, if necessary, you can repeat the insulation with use of mineral wool or polystyrene. Again, alternatively you can use loose insulation materials like expanded clay. As a means of ligaments and ramming sometimes involve bitumen – it exerts an additional effect of sealing and of itself acts as hidroisolation.

The Main work in creating the floor on the ground on sand-cement base will be associated with filling finishing screed. The coating can be considered as a basis for decorative design. Depending on the characteristics of flooring, you may require additional leveling, insulation or primer.

Technology of the screed on the ground

Operation is desirable to produce in a single pass to form a homogeneous one-piece design. By the time of fill should be arranged preparatory insulating, sealing and supporting layers. Solution for floor screed on the ground is made of cement M400 with the addition of river sand and small gravel. As for the proportions, one part of cement accounts for two parts sand and four shares of the filler. All components are thoroughly mixed construction mixer or concrete mixer.

To obtain an even platform, it is recommended to use the formwork around the perimeter of the target area. Pouring is done from one point – as a rule, Central. This will allow for a quicker alignment of the mixture and eliminate air bubbles from the structure of the compound helps the concrete vibrator. If you plan to create a warm floor on the ground directly in screed, it should pave the paths for him. Typically in such constructions arrange water channels connecting to external collectors and thermostats. At this stage it is important to evenly distribute the heating circuits across the area. Then, the surface of the screed is covered with a plastic film and left for a month.

How is the reinforcement?

Options for strengthening the design of the floor a few, but they all rely onthe device of the reinforcement elements. It can be fiberglass or metal rebar and mesh. How to make floors on the ground with the use of traditional reinforcement? This is the frame on stands, which will be made binding rods. The connections are preferably allocated so as to form rectangular design over the entire area of fill for future finishing screed. Binding can be performed manually or using a special nail gun, as a consumable using a thin metal wire.

Convenient to use ready-made metal mesh, but in this case, the gain will be less reliable. To place the reinforcing mesh should or in the middle layer, or closer to the top. Height range including will depend on the application of coolants. If you plan a flooring with pipes, then the grid should be placed on top –, leaving a 2-3 cm layer of external protection.

External insulation

After work activities and completion of the polymerization, finishing screed begin surface preparation for decorative finishing. On a concrete base can be laid almost all the outdoor materials, and on a wooden Board – mainly laminate flooring and plywood sheathing. Regardless of the type of external finishes, may require insulation. The final insulation of the floor on the ground can be performed using roll materials, mats or slabs. At this level it is best to use natural products such as felt, cork or mineral flooring. Waterproofing is possible to provide thin coatings with the function of prosimity.

Conclusion

Under condition of observance of technology of installation, the floor on the hard-Packed soil will provide protection for the Foundation of the building for many years. But there are certain disadvantages of this method is that you should consider before choosing the type of Foundation. The most pronounced should include a reduction in the ceiling height, the complexity of the change of the supporting structure after construction and large financial costs. At the same time the floor of the house on the ground gives a lot of possibilities in terms of solving the task of protecting the base. These possibilities open up a multilayer structure “cake”, which, however, reduced the height of the premises. But in any case at each stage of the flooring contractor can with a high degree of accuracy to lay certain protective properties. For example, a gravel with two layers of ties provides a robust carrier database, suitable for construction of large country cottages of any complexity. In this case, after each functional layer can be created insulating lining taking into account the technical characteristics of the contacts between different materials.