Reinforcing steel: grade, standard, strength class. Rebar steel

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2018-03-23 20:38:26

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Reinforcing steel is officially called is not so: if you examine the GOST 5781-82, you can see that the correct name sounds like "hot rolled steel for reinforcing concrete constructions”. However, the name was too long, so in a professional environment was quickly reduced to a simple “valve”. It is clearer, easier and faster.

reinforcing steel

General information

It is Customary to distinguish several classes of reinforcement. The division is based on the following characteristics:

  • Periodic profile;
  • Mechanical parameters

Reinforcing steel is in the following classes:

  • II.
  • AIII
  • AIV.
  • AV.

For several years on the market there is considerable demand for reinforcing steel class A500C. If you examine the GOST 5781-82, there will not be able to find descriptions of similar parameters. These products are manufactured with the emphasis on the following standards:

  • STO aschm 7-93;
  • Specifications.

Such a system of standardization, which is grouped into categories of hot-rolled reinforcing steel of periodic profile, introduced enterprise operating in the field of ferrous metallurgy. They are United in a single Association, has undertaken including the development of rules of production of goods.

Special case

Described reinforcement steel A500C – this is not the only exception in the world of hot-rolled products. Also, special attention should be class AI, which is the standard denoted as A240. Key features-sleek profile. As raw materials for the production process used steel 3 SP (PS). Diameter and deviation from it for any product with a smooth profile and are regulated by GOST 2590-88. This normative document also stipulates the accuracy of rolling for common cases.

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fittings 8

Smooth Reinforcing steel is produced in the following formats:

  • Bars;
  • Bay.

In rolls can be found sizes from 6 to 14 mm (pitch – 2 mm). The choice of reinforcement bars a bit wider. The minimum possible diameter-16 mm, and the highest available – 40 mm. From 16 mm to 22 mm pitch is 2 mm, with 25 to 40 mm increases to three.

How and why?

A240 Grade of reinforcing steel required in construction and other areas where the use of reinforced concrete as applied to their reinforcement. Some experts call this the category of materials “loop”, as the use of rebar made to form loop-like elements reinforcement reinforced concrete ware. This is most important when an item stands out from the main plane of the structure. Hot rolled reinforcing steel A1 suitable for the creation of elements that facilitate the loading of finished blocks, transportation and unloading. In addition, directly on the building site it is easier to connect different elements together.

Brand reinforcement AI, as the round required for a wide range of designs. When using it is made:

  • Fence;
  • Furniture;
  • Railings.

The Circle and fittings, metal, A1, if they are made in accordance with the specialized standards are used as a raw material: you can stretch the wire. It is possible to manufacture profiles:

  • Periodic;
  • Smooth.

If valve plant has the appropriate equipment, then steel A1 can serve for the manufacture of various products on lathes or milling. The material is handled mechanically.

valve plant

Not losing focus of the standards

Talks about what needs to be reinforced steel, GOST 5781.82. According to regulations, the carbon in the composition of the metal may be not more than 0.3 %, only then the product is applicable for concrete. Used as reinforcement for a previously busy raw materials, and ordinary.

If concrete is used, the last pre-processing and stressful, rebar choose one that can handle serious loads, typical of this environment. Typically, the voltage is quite large, which requires that the valve metal has been ruggedized and made strictly from reliable steel. If you use wire, its strength also have high demands.

If hot rolled reinforcing steel will be used in the construction, not subject to voltage, then allowed the use of ordinary raw materials. Here are relevant the following types of steel:

  • ST3.
  • ST5.

For pre-stress I decided to take steel with carbon content:

  • Medium;
  • High.

Can Also be used rebar steel, heat-treated to improve the strength parameters.

Steel: what will take?

To were made of quality reinforced steel, GOST 5781.82 recommend taking robust steel

  • Carbon;
  • Low.

metal fittings

There are several brands that are applicable to different types of mentioned material. As a rule, the customer, sending an order for a valve manufacturer, specifies what raw materials he wants to see the finished product. If there are recommendations, the manufacturer does not receive, then making the enterprise independently makes the decision in favor of the optimal variant for a specific type of product. In particular, A800 made use ofthe following stamps:

  • 22KH2G2AJU.
  • 22KH2G2R.
  • 20KH2G2SR.

What else is important?

When you create a non-tensioned reinforced concrete structures, you should choose classes from the first to the third, and higher useful if the design has passed the initial pre-stress.

If you have to work at low temperatures, and the facility will continue to operate in extreme conditions, then this brand is more suitable valves, which is characterized by a lower percentage of carbon. Alternatively, you can choose the options of raw materials held an additional heat treatment.

But if it was decided to use as reinforcing material wire, then it is better to give preference to one in which carbon or is absent, or its content does not exceed 0.8 %. For the material characterized by increased strength – up to 180 kg/mm2 inclusive. The following parameters are provided:

  • High temperature treatment;
  • Hardening.

Carbon and quality material

Reglamentary, what raw materials should be manufactured building fittings, GOST 5781-82. In particular, the percentage of carbon has a strong influence on the final parameters of concrete products, for its durability and reliability. The more carbon contained in the metal, the higher the hardness characteristic of the valve, but at the same time increases the brittleness. In addition, welding high carbon steel is very difficult, often the result turns out to be of insufficient quality, suffers the reliability of the Assembly as a whole.

The Percentage of carbon allows to introduce the following classification:

  • Fittings, low carbon steel, where this compound is contained in an amount of not more than a quarter of a percentage;
  • Medium levels – from a quarter percent to 0.6;
  • With high content, ranging from 0.6 to 2 %.

How to improve?

To the reinforcing steel had the best quality, alloy it is possible to add additional components. The alloying components, it is customary to apply:

  • Tungsten;
  • Vanadium;
  • Chromium;
  • Nickel.

rebar steel

In some alloys only add one or two additional components, in other – a mixture of 5-6 metals. This allows to obtain high-quality alloy steel with high performance:

  • Strength;
  • Hardness;
  • Corrosion resistance.

To obtain the alloy steel can be included in the raw material silicon, manganese. Depending on how many additives contained in the substance to say about ownership of the material to one of the following classes:

  • Low-alloyed reinforcing steel containing not more than five percent of the inclusions;
  • Medium alloy in which the amount of additives varies within the borders of 5-10 %;
  • High-alloyed one-tenth, and more consisting of additional components.

"What's in a name?"

Reinforcing steel – it's not just steel, but also a large number of other chemical components. What inclusions there are in the material, you can find the names. Standards were developed for the designation of certain additives in the name of the material. Examples:

  • X – chrome.
  • C – cubic Zirconia.
  • T – Titan.

After the brand recorded figures. They reflect how much carbon is contained in the material. Are designated by hundredths. Next, write the letters. They represent the chemical element, followed by how much of it is contained in the composition of rebar. If no numbers are specified, it can be concluded that this substance is included in the amount of less than one percent.

Example: “the case hardening steels 35GS” stands for steel, in which carbon is present in a concentration of 0,35 % and has a silicon and manganese, but the percentage of both components is negligible, therefore no updated data (they are present in a volume of less than one percent of the total material).

What to demand and expect?

According to the design, reinforcing steel should be:

  • Easy-to-weld;
  • Plastic;
  • Durable.

fittings 8 mm

The strength is commonly understood as the ability of valves to withstand destructive loads in the external environment. Outside influence can stretch the metal and bend, twist and squeeze to cut. For each of the types of loads allocate a separate strength values. Rebar is often used in conditions where high loads in tension, so this is the value you should pay attention in the first place. To assess how reinforcement capable to resist to expansion, we need to evaluate:

  • Fluid limit;
  • Breaking strength resistance.

Plasticity – is the parameter reflecting the adaptability of the material to external loads, trying to change the shape of the product, its cross-section. If the valve under such conditions keeps its initial settings, then after removal of the load it can return to its original state or to save the changes. Plasticity is expressed in the elongation at break, angle of bend, number of bends that remain after cooling of the metal.

Weldability – a measure that reflects the ability to efficiently connect with other materials in the application of any method of welding. This parameter is defined:

  • Composition metal
  • Method of smelting;
  • Sizerods in section;
  • Connective features;
  • Plastic.

Mechanics and reliability

The settings above allow you to talk about how good the mechanical parameters of the steel. It is on this basis distinguish the technical characteristics, performance.

An Important feature of the reinforcement is its strength. To determine it, as well as revealing how great liquid limit, how big can be the elongation of the steel relative to the initial value, conduct special tests: used tensile testing machine constructed for this task.

Work as follows: when starting the machine placed on the sample gradually increases the load. The valve is in the system of rigid mounting does not allow “escape” of the instance. Mechanisms are trying to lengthen the rod longitudinally, deforming it. Indicators removed from the valve, to give a tension diagram (the scale is set arbitrarily).

Technical features

The Straight sections of the chart represent the load at which the sample is not deformed. With increasing loads, you can see the proportional increase in length, allowing to draw conclusions about the reliability of steel and the ability to resist external influence. Pre-defined limit value of the load attached to the subject instance. Upon reaching this value also gradually reduce the influence of mechanical forces.

brand reinforcement

In the best scenario, the web stretches under the influence of a large external force, returns to its original state when loads are removed. This ability is due to the elasticity of steel. It is understood that the area of elasticity for metals has certain limitations. When going beyond these boundaries, a return to the original values would be impossible. The detection of such boundary indicator talk about reaching the elastic limit.

If you make test produced in accordance with GOST valves made of steel ST3, then we will be able to get settings similar to the following:

  • Yield - 2 460 kg/cm2;
  • Elongation - 25;
  • Tear resistance in a given time period is 4 000 kg/cm2.

Parameters and scope

Reinforcement having high strength, are usually more expensive than low-quality material. At the same time, practice shows that the use of such material allows to achieve significant savings, because the reinforcement of concrete structures requires a more economical consumption of metal.

Note the plasticity of the valves: there are certain boundaries, beyond which is highly undesirable. When you decrease this parameter below a certain level it is impossible to use rolling products at full strength. Design, manufactured using such a consumable raw material, becomes brittle and can unpredictably break down under the influence of external factors. There is another risk associated with the reduction of metal plasticity: increasing the likelihood of brittle fracture at the stage of reinforcement of structures of reinforced concrete.

Impact on the samples

To improve the performance of reinforcement, have resorted to various technologies outside influence. In particular, a widespread practice of thermal hardening. The strength of the material increases twice, and sometimes more. This is most applicable to low alloy, carbon compounds. But the material cost is growing at 10-12 %. Thermal hardening shows the best performance compared to mechanical, but to implement it you need to have a serious modern equipment and a team of qualified professionals. Very much on the quality of the final product (and the reputation of its manufacturer) is affected by even small errors of the process.

hot-rolled reinforcing steel

Hardening is achieved by using:

  • Winches
  • Hydraulic jacks;
  • Profiled rolls.

The Latter is necessary to flatten the steel. For hardening it is possible to achieve plastic deformations, due to which the strength is increased by 50 % relative to initial values.

The Most popular – what is it?

Traditionally the most popular on the market of metal fittings 8 mm in diameter. It belongs to the third class and is available in coils, rolls, bars. 8 mm – parameter medium diameter construction material. The production of such fittings must comply with GOST 30136-95. Produced by coils of the armature by specialists referred to as ‘catalkoy”.

Reinforcement of 8 mm is made of steel with low carbon content. Apply brand ST0, ST3. In the manufacturing process there are two (sometimes one) the cooling stage, which allows to achieve high reliability of the material. Coils of wire rod is a wire.

Reinforcement A3 – steel, having in cross section a circle. It is necessary for the subsequent production of wire springs. An indispensable raw material in the production process of the construction of cold-rolled rebar.

Producing and selling

Reinforcement of 8 mm is usually made on a wire-high-quality machines from raw materials corresponding to GOST 380. This is the standard technique, involving a stick of steel,gross processed by the system. On the machines material is rolled and pulled, is heated and cooled. Depending on the particular product it will be cooled by a natural method or force.

In the sale of such goods is present, as in running meters and large coils (for wholesale buyers).

rebar steel A3

Why?

Reinforcement of 8 mm are indispensable in the construction of reinforced concrete and metal structures. Rod is sufficiently thin, it can be applied in the manufacture of nets, cages, ropes. Valves effective as the basis for braces. It is used for strengthening of building structures. The specific option you choose, analyzing the operating conditions of the structure, on the basis of which decide in favor of a particular brand.

Reinforcement is often used as a raw material for the manufacture of other construction products, rather than as an independent material. If the rod needed to produce the nails, cables, then you need to control the evenness of products: rough surface is invalid, this will significantly reduce the strength of the finished product. In the manufacture of thick armature of the staple requirements for surface smoothness is not so important. Valves used for the arrangement of load-bearing walls cannot contain air-filled cavities or fissures. If the valve is 8 mm diameter sold in bars, quality control involves tracking the identity of the products.

Some features

It Should also be noted that the valve, having a circular periodic profile, are usually equipped with longitudinal ribs. Across the terminals are screw lugs, laid on the line with three taps. If the bar diameter is 6 mm, then the projections can pass along the helical line at one time. For 8 mm is allowed two visits.

Valves, belong to the third class, is:

  • Common;
  • Special.

It is designated as the A300 and Ac300, respectively. For such materials the characteristic projections, whose length on both sides of the profile is uniform. Here are the lines also go screw. But for A400-A1000 prerequisite: approaches from one side right and the other-the left.

 reinforced steel GOST 5781 82

The Possible displacement of screw ledges. This option is for current Standards is not standardized.

Another distinctive moment characterizes the fabrication of steel A800. You can use the following stamps:

  • 22KH2G2AJU.
  • 22KH2G2R.
  • 20KH2G2SR.

The characteristics of the products is usually regulated by the requirements of the customer.

According to the recommendations of the state construction Committee, on the territory of the Russian Federation recommended to use the following brands:

  • A400C.
  • A500C.

Both of them are suitable for strengthening constructions of reinforced concrete and supersede the previously widely applicable And III. These are manufactured considering the requirements specified in GOST 5781-82.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/business/7414-reinforcing-steel-grade-standard-strength-class-rebar-steel.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/b-znes/13254-armaturnaya-stal-marka-dast-klas-tryvalasc-armatura-stalevaya.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/business/13261-armaturnaya-stahl-marke-gost-festigkeitsklasse-armatur-stahl.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/negocio/13271-refuerzo-de-acero-marca-gost-clase-de-resistencia-la-armadura-de-acero.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/business/7417-rebar.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/business/7415-reinforcing-steel-grade-standard-strength-class-rebar-steel.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/biznes/13257-armaturaly-bolat-markasy-gost-ber-kt-k-klasy-armatura-stal-naya.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/biznes/13252-zbrojenie-stal-marka-gost-klasa-wytrzyma-o-ci-armatura-stalowa.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/neg-cios/13246-refor-o-de-a-o-marca-gost-classe-de-resist-ncia-vergalh-es-de-a-o.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/business/13260-takviye-elik-marka-gost-mukavemet-s-n-f-elik-boru-ek-par-alar.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/b-znes/13256-armaturna-stal-marka-gost-klas-m-cnost-armatura-staleva.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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