Relay-voltage regulator VAZ-2107: working principle and types

Relay-voltage regulator VAZ-2107 is required for stable operation of all electricity consumers. It is more correct to call it a controller without adding "relay", as modern vehicles are equipped with electronic devices based on semiconductors. And the solenoid, the design is not. But the example of the mechanical controller needs to consider the work and operation of the device.

Why do we need a regulator?

Cars used generator sets which generate three-phase alternating voltage. Then there are such conversions:

1. Three phase rectifier are served on a block of six silicon diodes.
2. Is the rectification of each phase and converting the voltage to DC unipolar.
3. Truncates all of the variable component with electrolytic capacitor.
4. The Rectified voltage is supplied to the power contact in the back cover of the generator.

The Magnitude of the voltage depends on the frequency of rotation, as the generator output can be 10 To 1000 rpm and 30 In at 7000 rpm (if you don't use the controller).

So you need to stabilize the voltage. Method that is used in household appliances, – the installation is simple Zener diode is not suitable. The power from the generator is very high, current above 50 A. If you can find in the nature of a Zener, then it will not assign its size to the engine. The cost of production of such a device is very high. Photo relay-voltage regulator VAZ-2107 can be seen in the article.

But there is a basic requirement for the operation of any generator set:

In the stator winding produces an electric current only in the case if it is exposed to a constant magnetic field.

To create the magnetic field necessary for the rotor winding and apply voltage. And to make the magnetic field constant, it is enough to stabilize the supply circuit of the excitation winding. And it has a maximum current consumption not more than 2.6 A. It is much easier to stabilize.

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Electromechanical devices

They are not in use for several decades, as they have significant drawbacks:

1. Small resource.
2. The Need for frequent maintenance.
3. Robust construction.

The device

1. Solenoid.
2. Temperature balance resistance.
3. The Throttle.
4. Additional resistors – 2 PCs.

The Anchor is fixed with a clamp to the bimetal plate. Such relay-voltage regulator VAZ-2107 (carb injection system) was completed with the first issues of the model.

Processes in the regulator while the engine is stopped

The Whole cycle of the operation can be divided into several stages:

1. Once turned on the ignition, current is supplied from the battery to the core of the inductor.
2. Current flows also via the normally closed contacts, is supplied to terminal “W” of the regulator.
3. Objective – the excitation winding. She is powered when the ignition is on.
4. The Voltage is transmitted through contact “I” on the resistance of the temperature compensation and the winding controller, the second end of which is grounded.
5. As long as the magnetizing force from the core is negligible, the contacts K1 are closed by the rotary field winding current flows. Its value is about 2.6 Amps.
6. At the same time current is supplied to the switch in the ignition switch, the normally closed contacts, a yoke, a lamp in the instrument panel, relays for controlling the charging.

When the engine is started

As soon As the engine is running, the following processes:

1. The magnetization of the core.
2. Overcome the spring force and the contact K1 opens.
3. Configured to enable the first stage of regulation.
4. Electric current supplied to the inductor and an additional resistance (R EXT = 5,5 Ohm).
5. The Current in the rotor winding gradually increases, and the voltage decreases.
6. A Group of contacts K1 is closed.

The Process is repeated again anchor vibrating and constantly closes and opens the contacts. The voltage on the excitation coil that is supplied, then no. When the rotor rotates very quickly, in the circuit of its winding is included a small resistance – as a result, the voltage increases up to a maximum of 14.6 Volts. The amount of current in the winding increases to such a value that extends the second group of contacts of K2. When this comes into operation the second stage of voltage regulation.

Features of semiconductor structures

All of the above processes can be applied to electronic controllers based on semiconductors. Here only functions of the power contacts took over the transistors. All can distinguish two types of electronic devices:

1. Contact-transistor, which are a symbiosis of the mechanical and electronic controller. The reliability of devices of this type still leaves much to be desired, as there are mechanical elements in the design.
2. Completely hands-free – made with the modern electronic database. Allow more efficient adjustment of the voltage in the vehicle electrical system.

Some motorists don't know where is located the relay-voltage regulator VAZ-2107. On new machines it mounts directly into the housing of the generator in one unit with brushes. On older versions of the cars they were installed in the engine compartment, connected to the brush mechanism wires.