Nephrosis of the kidney: what is it, symptoms, treatment, surgery

Nephrosis kidney – what is it? The answer to this question you can find in this article. Also we will tell you about what causes this disease and how it should properly be treated.

General information

Nephrosis kidney – what is it? In modern medicine the term is used to refer to degenerative changes of the kidneys. In this disease primarily affects the renal tubules. In the end, paired organs cease to perform its main function, which is the withdrawal of the decay products of vital activity.

This disease can occur acutely and chronically. To acute diseases include necrotic nephrosis and feverish. As for the chronic lesions, it are lipid and lipid-amyloid nephrosis.

The disease is Considered dangerous as it causes irreversible changes in the human body. However, its treatment can lead to complete recovery of the patient and restore quality of life.

The Institute of urology is the treatment of this pathology, observed in which it was found that the nephrosis of the kidneys is found not only in the elderly and middle-aged people but also in children 2-7 years. Also, the disease may develop in adolescence and after a difficult birth.

Main causes of development

Nephrosis kidney – what is it? According to communications experts, is a multifactorial disease. The most common causes of its development are as follows:

• Serious injuries, including a bruised kidney;
• Ileus;
• The poisoning of the body including heavy metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, etc.;
• Extensive burns on the body;
• Infectious disease in the form of dysentery, cholera, diphtheria, malaria;
• Incompatibility of blood after transfusion;
• Chemical intoxication with methyl alcohol, brake fluid, antifreeze;
• Compression the compression of the internal tissue.

Another name of the disease

Kidney disease in which they distroficski change, sometimes called toxic-infectious kidney. This term more fully reflects the essence of the causal disease. It is formed on the background of intoxication and different kinds of poisoning. In most patients, this pathology develops after ethylene glycol poisoning.

It should Also be noted that 15-25 years ago there was widespread intoxication sulfa drugs when they are actively used for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis and gonorrhea. However, some microorganisms are able independently to cause such a defeat. These include cholera, plague, malaria, diphtheria.

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Some of the fairer sex, the cause of this disease is an aseptic necrosis which occurs after birth.

We can not say about the genetic predisposition of the person. If both parents were observed in primary nephrotic syndrome, there is a high probability that the disease will appear in their children.

Classification

As mentioned above, the disease can be chronic and acute. Depending on this, it is divided into 4 types. Consider the features of all types of nephrosis right now.

Lipoid nephrosis

This form of the disease is very rare. It is characterized by degenerative lesions of the tubules of the kidneys. Most often this disorder is acquired in nature. It usually occurs on the background of the development of any infectious process.

The Main reason for the occurrence of such lesions are dramatic failures fat and protein metabolism that cause changes in the permeability of the glomerular capillary. Entering through the vessel walls, protein molecules blood poisoning tissue of the renal tubules, thereby causing a major change in them.

Many experts say that lipoid nephrosis is caused due to autoimmune processes in the human body.

Necrotic nephrosis

This form of the disease? According to the doctors, it's infectious-toxic disease of acute character. For this pathology the disorders occur on the background of a power failure and blood supply with a further necrosis of the tubules. This causes the development of acute insufficiency, decrease in amount of urine, until its complete disappearance, and the filtration of liquids.

This disorder occurs together with sharp violation of blood flow in the kidneys. The reverse of absorption of fluid in the lumen of the tubules increases the amount of toxic substances. Thus, the disease is complicated by the damage to the renal tubules harmful elements.

The Symptoms of such a pathological disorders depend on the effects of toxins on cells and tissues of the kidneys. This may develop the syndrome of shock kidney.

Amyloid defeat

This form of the disease develops on the background of amyloidosis, i.e. a hard failure of the protein metabolism, which is characterized by the excessive accumulation in the tissues of amyloid.

Amyloid nephrosis can occur due to genetic disruptions in protein synthesis. Acquired lesions are usually caused due to disorders of protein metabolism during prolonged infectiousdiseases. Thus, the infection acts as a trigger for the production of mutated proteins that cause the body's immune response. Proteins together with antibodies to form amyloid. The latter accumulates in the internal organs, including the urinary system. While kidney damages blood vessels and interferes with filtration of urine, which causes the development of amyloidosis.

The post-transfusion Nephrosis

The disease Is is a variant of necrotic nephrosis. The latter appears as a complication of transfusion of the wrong blood. This process contributes to intravascular destruction of red blood cells. At the same time developing shock and acute renal failure.

One of the types of this destruction is feverish nephrosis. This disease occurs in a variety of infections, but the apparent manifestations it has. The only febrile symptom of nephrosis is an increased amount of protein in the urine. It does not require special treatment and disappears along with the infection.

Common signs of disease

The Institute of urology, for many years engaged in the treatment of the disease has identified common symptoms that are common to all types of nephrosis.

According to experts, any type of kidney damage is accompanied by dystrophic violations in its tubules. This significantly increases their permeability to proteins, which causes serious metabolic disruptions in the body. The protein content in the blood in this state falls to 3.2 %. In normal they provide pressure plasma (oncotic) and prevents liquid substances from vessels into the intercellular space. In the absence of such a process appear in a patient with persistent swelling. Also with the development of the disease there is a decrease in urine, which becomes dark in color. This symptom is important for early detection of violations.

How to treat?

Now you know what appears nephrosis of the kidneys. What it is, we also said above. About how to treat this disease, you should tell an experienced doctor.

Very often the therapy of such lesions is associated with some difficulties. It is determined by the shape of the existing violations and the dominant symptoms.

The Main direction in the treatment of nephrosis of the kidney is:

• Neutralization of the main causes of disorder;
• Reducing swelling;
• Normalization of protein amount in blood.

To achieve a positive therapeutic result, requires treatment, which will be aimed at addressing the root causes of the disease. For example, when nefronekroz should pay particular attention to the removal of toxins from the body, as well as anti-shock.

When the lipid form of the disease is very important to detect the focus of the existing infection. Only after that should you carry out an antimicrobial treatment that will be aimed at neutralizing the pathogen infection.

Therapy of amyloid lesions produce for an extended period. Maintenance treatment of this disease is the appointment to a rigid diet. Patient nutrition should include a high content of vitamins.

To cure the disorder in the acute stage, carry out the transfusion of blood and plasma. Also, patients prescribed diuretics, and prescribe the ‘Albumin”.

Prevention and treatment of disease

A Bruised kidney and other injuries very often cause the development of nephrosis. Therefore, you should be very careful during the dangerous jobs and sports.

For the prevention of renal diseases and diseases of the urinary system, experts recommend to stick with salt-free diet and limit fluid intake. This will greatly reduce the swelling. With the same purpose can be the use of such diuretics as “Lasix», «Novasurol” and “Noverit”. They promote the excretion of salt and excess fluid.

Patients with lipid disorder positive changes are observed after administration of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. This happens due to the restoration of the structure of the glomeruli of the kidneys. The use of such drugs eliminates edema and promotes remission.

As we know, nephrotic syndrome is accompanied by significant loss of protein. In this regard, the treatment of such diseases should be aimed at filling this loss. In acute conditions with severe swelling similar to the effect achieved by blood transfusion and diuretics. To restore the stocks of protein is assigned a special diet. The patient's diet should be primarily protein products.

If protein diet is contraindicated for the patient, he prescribed a high-calorie diet with the optimum amount of carbohydrates and fats. However, the amount of protein in the food should be slightly more than its loss in the urine.

Thus, in the treatment of lesions of the interstitium of the kidney, there are several approaches. Powerful medical therapy during periods of exacerbation should reduce the swelling and normalize the patient's condition. As for remission, then a maintenance treatment should be diet, which is as follows:

• Reduce salt intake;
• Reductionfluid intake;
• The consumption of adequate amounts of protein;
• Consumption of sufficient amounts of vitamins.

It should Also be noted that in the chronic form of the disease diet should be followed from time to time with certain intervals so as to avoid any other complications.

Treatment Prognosis of nephrosis, the operation

How much is the kidney? This question can be answered only by specialists. As a rule, they are specified, only those people who develop a serious pathology that causes a complete failure of the renal system. In this case, performed surgery in which a diseased organ is replaced from a donor. Unfortunately, the survival rate of the transplanted kidney in this case is not more than 75 %.

According to doctors, the prognosis for recovery in case of nephrosis is questionable. It depends on the specific clinical form of the disease. Timely initiated and correctly chosen treatment of necrotic nephrosis usually leads to complete recovery of the patient. It should be noted that when the amyloid form of the disease, the prognosis of its treatment remains unsatisfactory.

Not to wonder how much a kidney, people with chronic types of nephrosis may be regularly a Spa treatment. Thus to speak about disability rights is possible only in remission.

According to the experts, any nephrosis of the kidney requires immediate consultation with the doctor. Diagnosis of this disease does not pose any difficulties. But for successful therapy are not enough.

To Summarize

Because Of the fundamental differences between the various forms of this pathology, it is important to establish the true cause, which caused the development of nephrosis. It is also important to choose the right time and prescribe the necessary treatment. Positive therapeutic result can be achieved only if adequate approach and responsible fulfillment of all requirements of the attending doctors.