Antibiotics for children: a list of names, application features and reviews

Many parents believe antibiotics are almost a panacea, others afraid of fire. They are released under beautiful names, in bright packaging, widely advertised. But what diseases have to take antibiotics in fact and whether or not to give their children?

Definition

What is a children's antibiotic? In fact, he is no different from an adult. Antibiotics are natural or synthetic substances able to inhibit the activity of bacteria and some fungi. In fact they may be called antiseptics, which can operate not only outside but also inside the body.

The Discovery by scientists of antibiotics was a breakthrough in medical science, because it is the only effective treatment of many serious and even fatal diseases such as anthrax or tuberculosis. They are widely used in severe wounds and injuries, they were prescribed to patients in the prevention and suppression of postoperative inflammation and purulent processes. Now there are many types of antibiotics, including the so-called baby broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are prescribed by doctors in case if the diagnosis cannot be established precisely.

Child - small adult?

Many people believe that if a child's weight is, say, twenty pounds, then he can make "adult" drug in dosage 1/3 of the normal "adult" dose, which is calculated for a person weighing about seventy pounds. And it seems logical, because the pediatrician when calculating the dose of children's antibiotic is also a measure of weight. However, the child is not a small copy of an adult. In children differently arranged and metabolism, and metabolism, and enzymes produced by another algorithm. And medical educational institutions are not just release of pediatricians - doctors who deal exclusively with patients-children.

Here are some parameters that affect the metabolism of drugs in children's organisms

• Immature enzyme system of the liver. It participates in the breakdown of medications, in which drugs are transformed into active metabolite. Also, the liver promptly removes them from the body.

• Vulnerable kidneys. Urine output are by-products of drugs, so the kidneys are the first to suffer toxic drugs and chemicals.

• Increased metabolism. Fast metabolism affects the very course of the disease, and drug metabolism. For example, in the body of a newborn baby, the water molecule is delayed up to five days, and an adult - to fifteen. It is easy to calculate that the metabolic processes in the organisms of the kids are 3-5 times faster, and is an important factor in the appointment of a doctor medication, especially if it's broad spectrum antibiotics.

• More fluid. Man consists of 65% water, but at an early age, this percentage even more. For example, the newborn is out of the water by 75 %. This parameter strongly influences the distribution of drugs throughout the body, the baby is much harder to tolerate fluid loss. That is why for children during illness drink should be more abundant than in adults.

Many inexperienced mother, after reading online that there are no such separation on adults and children antibiotics, you begin to treat children the same medications that are used for yourself, just reducing the frequency and dose, but this is not enough. Yes, clear boundaries between children and adults antibiotic drugs do not. These groups are rather arbitrary, but always the highest quality, proven "soft" tools which don't lead to intoxication and most suitable for small patients based on their metabolism.

Types of antibiotics

Many inexperienced parents begin to resist even to the doctors, prescribing antibiotics. Some, on the contrary, self-medicate and give your child these medicines in any disease, whether it be a cough, runny nose or sore throat. However, the fact is that antibiotic drugs are designed to treat specific diseases, and, more specifically, to combat specific bacteria. Knowledge of the theoretical part will allow parents from a scientific point of view to approach the question of choosing a good children's antibiotics and avoid common misconceptions:

• Spectrum, - cocci. It's such pathogens as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, meningococcus, and others, as well as Clostridium and corynebacteria. These include first generation cephalosporins such as macrolides, penicillin, lincomycin and bitsillina.
• Wide range. These antibiotics are especially good effect on gram-positive rods. This so-called second-generation cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, which is not advised to give to infants, tetracyclines, prohibited children under eight years, andaminoglycosides and semisynthetic penicillins.
• A Specialization of "gram-negative rods". This cephalosporins of the third generation and polymyxin.
• Effects on fungi. Is diflucan, ketoconazole, levain, nystatin.
• TB. It florimitsin, rifampicin and streptomycin.

When you really need antibiotics? Usually, doctors prescribe antibiotics for children with sore throat, but only if it is caused by Streptococcus. This is only one of the four types of angina. Also an indication for antibiotics is an acute purulent sinusitis or chronic form in aggravation, paratonzillit, apologetic, pneumonia and otitis media in children in the first six months of life. It turns out that the list of diseases is not that big, so why do so common question parents about what children need an antibiotic for cough? Because cough is not a good enough reason to assign such a drug!

High temperature without any other symptoms - is not an excuse to treat the child with antibiotics, because themselves are not antipyretic agents. However, there are two exceptions to this rule. If it is not possible to call an ambulance and go to the doctor, it is impossible to examine a child, and have to decide right now, and yourself, in these two cases, it is necessary to use cephalosporins of the second or third generation.

• Children under three years of age with a temperature above 39 degrees;
• Children under three months with fever above 38 degrees Celsius.

If this is not possible? For example, not near-night pharmacies and nowhere to buy the drug? Of course, you need to use antipyretic drugs, like paracetamol. Most likely, if you have good immunity, the body will fight off the infection and without antibiotics, but the process will be long. The disease is much stronger than the exhausted child. No parent can argue that the child has a good immune system, because now a lot of adverse factors such as environment, poor diet and heredity.

ARI and ARI

Taking into account the above, the question of whether whether a children's antibiotic, cough or runny nose, it becomes very clear. Acute respiratory infections and colds are caused by viruses, on which antibiotics have no action! Yes, the bacterial infection can go hand in hand with the virus and manifest as other symptoms or as a complication. To judge any possible bacteriological analysis. Also if after five to seven days the child's condition has not improved, it indicates the emergence of bacterial infection.

Baby drops with an antibiotic in this case is not used as antibiotic drugs were on the whole, unless, of course, the standard course of the disease, symptoms are typical and there are no complications.

Definition of the nature of the infection

But how to determine the causative agent of the disease in a child? The easiest way for diseases of the respiratory organs, such as the common cold is a common blood test. That is why the doctor at the first appointment always writes in General tests. The results of decoding clinical analysis helps to organize the further treatment of the child. If the doctor immediately assigns antibiotic drugs, without taking into account the results of the tests, ask them to do or offer to do it themselves, at their own expense. However, there are several exceptions. For example, in angina children antibiotics are prescribed almost always before you get the tests, as bacteriological nature of the disease can be identified by the symptoms. Any doctor can immediately see the difference between the types of angina.

In Addition to the General analysis of blood, the doctor may prescribe and other studies of the nature of the infection, for example, PAP smears.

Admission Rules

Parents should remember a few rules concerning antibiotic therapy in children.

First, you need to take antibiotics only when a bacterial nature of the disease. They are also effective against some fungi.

Secondly, the doctor should indicate whether the child antibiotics for the past three months, and if so, which ones.

Third, the form in which adopted children's antibiotic. Suspension, tablets, syrup, but not injections. Injections are used only in severe cases of the disease or in caseimpossible the internal administration of the drug. It is also testimony to hospitalization!

Fourth, do not abuse antipyretic agents during the use of antibiotics.

Reverse side

We have already mentioned the "two camps" parents go to extremes. Those who are afraid of antibiotics like the plague, partly right, because the best, most modern and low-toxic from the standpoint of pharmaceutical antibiotics, harm. The reason is that these compounds do not distinguish between "their" and "foreign", that is, natural and pathogenic flora, they simply kill the bacteria, including intestinal flora and other mucous membranes. The balance of microflora in the body is disturbed, which can lead to problems with digestion, stools etc. are Also antibiotics can cause thrush.

Another consequence of antibiotics is the rise of resistance to it among bacteria. That is, the more often the child is treated with antibiotics, the more opportunities from different bacilli to develop to drugs immunity. Far-fetched, but a very simple example: the neighbor's son was treated with antibiotics. After a while he got better, and my parents decided that we should not continue to take these harmful pills - improve it! The surviving bacteria have developed immunity. Then this baby boy is playing with your child and infects it resistant to antibiotic bacteria.

The Doctor prescribes antibiotics, but she is not available, because these bacteria already are resistant even to strong and good to children's antibiotics, as it may greatly complicate treatment. There is a concept "healed immunity", which apply to children, whose diseases do not respond even to strong medications. It is therefore not necessary to apply baby antibiotics for a cold, cough and the typical colds are treated with very different drugs!

How to reduce the harm?

Sometimes the intake of antibiotic drugs are needed, and although they are harmful, but still, not as dangerous as it may seem. Yes, they adversely affect the natural microflora of the organism, but in fact it is possible to support! Just use all the available funds.

Babies as much as possible of breastfeeding, because breast milk has a positive effect on the growth of lactic flora.

The Work of the digestive glands can be maintained with drugs such as "hilak Forte" and "CREON 10000".

Constantly "Podesite" in the digestive tract of the child and microflora. This will help the medicine "Lactobacterin", "Bifidumbacterin" and food - "Acidophilus", "Bifidok". Of course, this is only possible if the child is old enough and no longer breastfeeding.

After completing the course of treatment provide the child a proper diet for the most rapid restoration of microflora of the digestive system. Be sure to include in a diet various dairy products. If you don't trust purchase the food, cook homemade yoghurt, kefir and yogurt - it's easy and the recipes can be found online or ask the grandmothers.

During treatment, and for the first time after it include in the diet of the child more fortified products, fresh vegetables and fruits, fresh juices and broths. Doctors do not recommend the intake of synthetic vitamins in parallel with the antibiotics, as this may neutralize the effect of the medication or cause an allergic reaction. Child allergies doctors even prescribe anti-Allergy drugs.

Drug List

Now you know the theoretical part and will be able to competently approach the selection of antibiotics. Of course, it is best to consult a doctor, but this possibility is not always available, so every competent parent should know the names of the children's antibiotics:

• "Amoxicillin". Most often, doctors prescribe to children this drug from penicillin group. It has a pretty broad spectrum. Used for pneumonia, bacterial tonsillitis, sinusitis and pharyngitis, otitis media, urethritis and cystitis. It's pretty cheap, the average price in the country - about one hundred and fifty rubles. In granules, it is convenient to prepare the syrup or suspension. Kids antibiotics in this case should be diluted with boiled water.

• "Augmentin". The name of the children's antibiotic is known to many, mainly thanks to advertising. It is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid to prepare slurry. Clavulanic acid extends the range of action of drugs. Testimony similar to amoxicillin, however, for children under the age of three months it is not applied. The drug can cause allergies. The cost from 150 to 250, and depends on the dosage.

• "Amoxiclav". The Analogue Of "Augmentin".

• "Zinacef". Relates to cephalosporins of the second generation. Spectrum of action - broad. Prescribed by doctors for pneumonia, sinusitis, Hamartia, the quote tonsilites and otitis media. Only suitable for injection! Dosage for children per day from 30 to 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight.Cost about 130 rubles.

• "Zinnat". Also cephalosporin second generation. Convenient to prepare slurries.

• "Sumamed". Refers to the type of azalidov. Azithromycin (the active ingredient) hasa wide spectrum of action. Used in sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, tonsillitis and pneumonia. For children up to six months contraindicated! Price: 230 RUB.

• "Suprax". This cefixim antibiotic belonging to third-generation cephalosporins. Used in leenie infections of upper respiratory tract, otitis media, urinary infections, bronchitis. Contraindicated in children up to six months. Price: 500 rubles.

• "flemoksin Solutab". The active substance is already known to us amoxicillin. This antibiotic is most often used to treat infections of the gastrointestinal tract. The other names of this children's antibiotic "flemoksin Solutab". Price: 250 RUB.

• "Ceftriaxone". Cephalosporin, third generation. Intended for intramuscular and intravenous injections. Premature and newborn children with alfalfa butterfly have a contraindication. Price: 20 RUB per vial.

• "Bioparox". Used to treat dental infections, however, do not replace the basic course. These drugs can be used by the doctor in parallel with the main course, but in any case not to replace it. Consult your doctor before applying them to treat the child.

• "Izofra". Nose drops with an antibiotic. Applied on prescription but, as a rule, in parallel with the General course. Here are other titles of children's nose drops with an antibiotic: "Rinil", "Feminazis", "Polideksa".

How Important is a good review?

Why a good review about any antibiotic, not a reason to immediately treat a child for them? The fact that each of them has its own situation.

So, "Sumamed" is a good antibiotic for kids, because it can accumulate in the tissues, and due to this you can reduce the duration of treatment. But if, for example, a medication is prescribed by a doctor after a diagnosis of "SARS", should we blame the mother in that it refused to follow that purpose? If there were no complications and side bacterial infection, this drug is not would have any effect at all. Yes and doubt the competence of the doctor who ordered the antibiotic for the treatment of common colds.

Or, for example, the doctor prescribes "Augmentin" and he is causing the child severe allergies and problems with digestion (this, according to doctors, is not uncommon). Frustrated and anxious mother is likely to write a negative review about the cure. So instead of having to navigate to the reviews about certain antibiotic drugs, remember the theoretical framework. Don't be afraid to ask the doctor to explain the purpose of various medications, ask to show you the results. So you save the health of your child.