The elements of the internal environment of an organization and their characteristics

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2018-03-21 14:06:28

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An Integral part of the SWOT analysis is to identify market opportunities and threats and also weaknesses and strengths of the company, which analyses various elements of the internal environment of the organization.

What is internal environment of the organization?

When it comes to the internal environment of the organization, typically, this means a collection of elements that somehow can be influenced, in comparison with environmental factors that cannot be changed. So, to the internal environment of the organization include:

  1. Ljudi.
  2. Cali.
  3. Zadachi.
  4. Tehnologii.
  5. Structure.

The Union of all these elements is the essence of the organization: people United in a certain structure, perform a number of tasks using some technology to achieve the ultimate goals.

the elements of the internal environment of the organization

Thus, the Union of the elements of the internal environment of the organization can be effective or not. The objective of the analysis is to determine the processes that established the ideal and also those that reduce the overall profitability of the company.

How klassificeret elements of the internal environment?

The Basic elements of the internal environment of the organization usually classified by groups, or so-called sections:

  • Organizational slice;
  • Marketing edge;
  • Cut personnel;
  • Production cut;
  • Financial cut.

For ease of analysis consider separately the elements of each group. In the organizational slice study the peculiarities of the enterprise from the point of view of the organizational structure of the company. Attention is paid to hierarchical relations within the firm and between individual businesses. Marketing the slicer gives an idea about the range of products, their features and benefits, pricing factors and methods of marketing and advertising.

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When considering the financial aspects of attention in financial reporting, the dynamics of the main indicators of costs and profitability. Determines the effectiveness of the cash flow. The cut in personnel examine the relationship between the governing and the Executive staff, the analysis of the results of the labor activity. This also includes corporate or organizational culture of the organization, methods of stimulation and motivation of personnel.

The Fifth slice – production – includes a list of technologies, norms, rules and standards for the production of goods and quality control. A variety of innovative development and scientific research aimed at expanding the range or increasing the useful properties of the product, also refer to production cut.

Staff as an element of the internal environment

The Task of the situational approach in the analysis and management decisions is to consider the behavior of individual employees, their teams, and the nature of influence of management staff. According to economic theory, personnel is one of the main factors of production, but in today's world a team of employees becomes a strategic element.

management team

The Management challenge is how to effectively organize personnel, it is necessary to consider several components of this process:

  • Principles of selection and recruitment;
  • Adaptation of new employees;
  • Personnel monitoring and its methods;
  • Motivation and stimulation of personnel;
  • Education, training;
  • Creating and maintaining corporate culture.

So, the system of the organizational culture of the organization, incorrectly adjusted in the enterprise, could be his weak side, and in the end hinder the achievement of both short-term and long-term goals and intermediate objectives. The management team remains one of the strategic directions of the activity leaders.

Aims of the company as an element of the internal environment

The analysis of the condition of the company and planning the future strategy is set one or more goals. The task of the management of the company to select only achievable goals that meet the market condition and the company.

The Availability of sufficient financial resources, personnel, and effective planning in conjunction leads to the correct goal-setting. The list of General goals should be divided into sub-objectives or tasks, the responsibility for the implementation of which is distributed between the employees or departments of the organization.

For Example, a company X, marketing with the products of mass production, sets a goal: to take the place of leader in a given market in the short term. The company operated in another segment, and the analysis of financial statements it was established that there were outstanding Bank loan for a large sum. In addition, the analysis of the personnel policy, showed that the sales Department performs its functions inefficiently and the targets are not achieved. Obviously, set by the management goals to achieve not only difficult but almost impossible.

Examples of correctly stated objectives:

  • To achieve brand awareness to 60%;
  • To increase market share to 16%;
  • Enter the three leading companies in the market;
  • To increase the average check of 1500 rubles;
  • Increase website traffic up to 2000 people inday.

Thus, for effective goal setting the management of the company should be based on a thorough research of the market and current situation of the company on it.

Objectives of the company as an element of the internal environment

After compiling a list of goals the company needs to split them into tasks, that is, into components. Rarely in any organization you set only one goal. Thus, the strategic objectives of the company are converted in operational goals for the year, half year or quarter. Further the purpose is divided into a list of specific tasks that must be performed to achieve the desired result.

organization of labour

Each of the established objectives must have a documented end result, as well as being responsible for its performance of departments and individual employees. Here is an example transformation one of the goals in the task list. So, to achieve the goal to increase sales by 25%, the company may distribute the tasks as follows:

  1. Increasing the plan of appointments for each sales Manager by 5%. Responsibility and control lies with the head of Department Ivanov I. I.
  2. Preliminary market analysis to the marketing Department, developing advertising company with monthly monitoring of implementation of recommendations. Responsible – head of Department A. P. Petrov.
  3. Expansion of the sales Department of 20 people by year-end. Responsible – HR Manager A. I. Sidorov.
  4. Opening of 5 new branches in the regions for 6 months. Responsible – Deputy Director for development of G. I. Laptev, HR Manager A. I. Sidorov.

Thus, the head of the organization can control the process of achieving the objectives of the enterprise in a phased manner, and correct the work of personnel managers will allow each employee to take personal responsibility for the outcome.

Technologies and their place in the internal environment

The Process of converting raw materials into finished products requires certain technologies. If it is a plant for the production of canned food, need a special line, trained personnel, approved standards and patents. All the above relates to the technology of the company.

It would not be surprising, but technology as an element of the internal environment, the presence of even a small entrepreneur or freelancer. For example, a photographer or designer use special software, hardware and technology, without which to remain competitive in the market is simply impossible.

Structure of the enterprise as an element of its internal environment

One of the first steps in the analysis of the internal environment of the enterprise is a detailed consideration of the organizational structure. While marketers and managers is not only a list of internal departments, but also the relationship between them, hierarchical subordination and dependence.

The Hierarchy in the organization of work of the staff helps to efficiently distribute labor. Staff differentiate and isolate into separate groups and departments, consolidate them for a variety of units. Hierarchy in the company can be horizontal and vertical, and the efficiency and quality of distribution of labor revealed in the analysis.

the basic elements of the internal environment of the organization

One of the important components of this analysis may be a determination of the effectiveness of informational and other flows between organizational units. For example, the company B, which manufactures parts for cars, permanently fixed delays in the implementation of the plan. Employees were asked to fill in cards of working time, was introduced penalties, however, such provisional measures for the management team was not effective.

The analysis of the relationship between departments of company B, it appeared that the fault lies not in the employees who manufacture parts, and the division, which is responsible for the repair of equipment. So, many of the machines stood idle more than schedule time due to protracted repairs.

How to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise?

Management decision-Making is preceded by a thorough analysis of all elements of the internal environment, external environment with the subsequent conclusion about the place of the enterprise market and its possibilities.

Obtained from the analysis of the data should be presented in a list. For example, it may be such items:

  1. Unqualified personnel in the sales Department.
  2. The Lack of its own accumulated funds.
  3. Innovative developments in the production of goods.
  4. The Availability of credit in the Bank.
  5. A Wide range of products.
  6. Obsolete equipment in production.

After preparation of such list it is necessary to divide the data in qualitative effect, that is, to determine whether a particular factor a positive impact on the company's operations or negative.

So, in the end, the initial list should be divided into two parts, and the next step should be the assessment of the possible impact of these factors of the internal environment of the organization. We recommend you to use the scale from 1 to 5 or from 1 to 10. Each item in the list must be evaluated in points depending on how much influence this factor on the activities of the company.

The Next step – assessment of the possible damage that can cause each of the list items. In the end, the resulting list shouldbe ranked according to two indicators – the possibilities and probabilities. This method will help to cut off the irrelevant data and create a list of fixed issues that were discovered during the analysis of the factors of the internal environment of the organization. An example of a qualitative analysis of the environment of the organization must complete a specific list of no more than 10 points in each category – strengths and weaknesses of the company.

What is the relationship between the internal environment and SWOT analysis?

The SWOT Tool involves analysis of the environment, both internal and external. The elements of the internal environment of an organization and their characteristics show what strengths you can use to achieve competitive advantage. By analyzing the list of weaknesses will help to correct the company's activities to minimise their damage or make upgrading and improvement.

the elements of the internal environment of the organization

The Result of the SWOT-analysis helps to map the threats and opportunities of the external environment, i.e. the market in which operate or are going to work with the company internal environment factors. The task of the marketing Manager or Director to create a marketing plan so that, using the strengths of the company, it would be possible to avoid harm from market threats. The same can be said about the connection of market opportunities and the strengths of the company – the leader must decide how best to use them together.

How to conduct a SWOT analysis?

To understand how to conduct a SWOT analysis, consider the most common mistakes managers.

The Unjustified inclusion of elements of the internal environment in the category of strong or weak sides of the company leads to errors in planning. Each fact must be backed by concrete figures and data reports. Can unsubstantiated claim that the company is the market leader, but in fact, this is confirmed only by the Director, not marketing research.

Here, In addition to credibility, each of the alleged strengths should be compared to known data about competitors. This will bring the really strong points of the enterprise which will help in achieving its goals.

organizational culture organization

For Example, a strength of the company was marked the close location of the raw database resources. It is obvious that it provides many advantages to the company, helping to save on the financial costs and time. However, when analysing the information from the point of view of differences from the competitors, you may find that all the major players are located close to sources of raw materials. It turns out that such a strong side is every company in the market, and therefore benefit compared to the competitors will fail.

For convenience and error prevention should conduct a competitor analysis of available open sources and determine their strengths and weaknesses. Next, you should create a test table that compares each element of the internal environment with competitors. In the end it turns out that the company can not boast so many advantages.

All of the guidelines for determining strengths and weaknesses of the company can also be attributed to the process of analyzing the opportunities and threats in the market. All the information must be reliable and very accurate.

A Common error is to provide General information, which indirectly affect the operations of the company. Or their effect is too insignificant, so it is impossible to prove. For example, inexperienced managers specify such environmental factors:

  • The crisis in the country;
  • The difficult situation in the economy;
  • An unstable exchange rate.

If we talk about the crises in the economy, it is impossible to measure and plan their significance for the activities of a particular company. The factor of “crisis” is quite blurry, so you should decompose it into specific components that really affect the position of the company. Perhaps at the state level was introduced compulsory licensing or quotas on certain types of activities.

With regard to the unstable exchange rate, it is often mention in their SWOT analyses those companies that do not have dependencies on currencies. If the company does not import or export, not the purchase of raw materials abroad, but sells finished products in other countries, the impact of changes in exchange rates has a negligible influence on the activities of the company.

In conclusion

The Internal environment of the company represents an important strategic resource that can help or, conversely, to harm the company's activities. To the internal environment of an organization is a few basic elements: people, technology, structure, tasks and goals. This set of elements is not random, as in any organization with a specific structure there are people who are using technology to reach the set objectives and the overall goals of the company.

The head of the organization in making management decisions should be based on the analysis of internal and external environment of the enterprise. If there is obvious threat on the market, overcoming it will help resources internal environment. The same applies to market opportunities, to achieve the maximum effect which is possible only if you use the internal resources of the company.

Resources of the internal environment in the analysis was estimated from the point of view of their influence and share in the strengths and weaknesses of the company. The organizational structure of the organization may be a weakness of the organization and at the same time professional and efficient marketing Department can be attributed to the strong side of the company.

To develop a marketing plan, some General goals are distributed in the form of tasks between departments, divisions, groups, and individual staff. Properly organized system of motivation and stimulation of personnel, the management team is committed to give each task the personal responsibility of the employee. Each employee in the team will understand what works to achieve one common goal.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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