Probably many have heard or read about that in 2009 in Europe was launched a special flower-the rose of “Princess of Monaco». This event was timed to the 18th anniversary of Alexandra-royalty of the Grand Duchy. But today's not about him. Older people remember that in the late XIX and early XX century was a German revolutionary and influential personality, which played an important role in the formation of the Communist movement in Europe. Her name was consonant with the name of the beautiful flower - Rosa Luxemburg. The years of this woman's life was entirely dedicated to fighting for the rights and freedoms of ordinary people. That's about it, and will be discussed in this article.
Born Rosa (real name Rosalia) 5 March 1871 in Zamosc town of the Kingdom of Poland, on the outskirts of the former Russian Empire. She was the fifth child in a family of merchant-timber merchant of Jewish origin Elias Luxembourg. The girl was a diligent student and graduated with honors from one of the Warsaw schools.
In this close-knit Jewish family was very fond of children, and the younger the Rosette, which was disabled (hip dislocation). Up to 10 years in her body was irreversible and extremely painful process, prikovyvaya her to the bed sometimes for a few months. When she grew up, the disease had retreated, but the limp remained. In order to at least partly conceal this defect, she wore special shoes. The girl, naturally, very worried about the limp, so no wonder that on this basis, she could develop a number of complexes.
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I Must say that Rosa Luxemburg's biography which, as you know, was mostly associated with revolutionary activities, began to show interest in politics very early, even while studying. After graduating from high school parents strongly dissuaded her from such a threat Hobbies and even hired a better music teacher. They still hoped that the talented girl seriously do art and forget about politics, but the rose has already began on the path of revolution, where he hoped to realize all their ambitions. Among her new friends she was on an equal footing, as none of them paid the slightest attention to her physical flaw.
At the end of 1880 most of the illegal revolutionary groups began to overcome divergent views, which were associated with the choice of the path. By the way, already then it was clear that terror is not justified, and I support him solely fanatics. The majority of young people tended to legitimate methods of struggle.
Rosa Luxemburg came to a revolutionary society in the period when the increased anti-terrorist conflict between its members, and sided with those who were categorically against the killings and supported advocacy and awareness activities. But the terrorists continue to commit their wrongful actions, than gave their own dissident party members in the hands of the police.
It is because of this already at 18 years of age rose was forced to escape from persecution by the authorities for their participation in underground organizations "Proletariat". She had to emigrate to Switzerland, where she continued her education at the University of Zurich. There she studied law, philosophy and political economy.
The Years spent in the quiet of Switzerland, Rosa Luxemburg (see photo in the review) he recalled as the happiest in her life. Here she felt calm and confident. In Zurich, the girl met one Leo Jogiches, who immediately liked it very much. The young man also showed interest in rose, but any decisive action nor made – their relationship was just to talk about politics and joint access to libraries. So the girl had to take the initiative and explain to him in love.
It is Worth noting that Leo was a confirmed bachelor, and surrendered it only after a rousing recognition of the Rose. She was a very energetic man, but gradually man began to irritate the indefatigable activity of the girl, given that the activities of Jogiches was difficult. So, naturally, the lovers began to occur frequent conflicts. Finally Rosa Luxemburg at the University of Zurich brilliantly defended his thesis regarding the pace of industrial development of Poland. This event was the apogee of their arguments.
The Girl was very proud of his success, as her work is highly appreciated by a famous Professor, and her written articles published in reputable publications that are of the socialist persuasion. Thus, it became known to all Europe. But Leo himself had no delight from the advances of a Rose, knowing full well that fell under the influence of extremely strong women, and this situation did not suit.
Soon, the Rosa Luxemburg at the invitation of the socialist party of Germany agrees to participate in local elections as agitator. The woman was engaged in propaganda in the regions of Upper Silesia, where he lived for many poles. Thus, she very quickly was able to win the confidence of the German socialists. In this environment, her best friend becomes a revolutionary ClaraZetkin. It introduces Monaco with his son and with the famous theoretician Karl Kautsky. In addition, here, in Germany, in 1901 rose to meet with Vladimir Lenin.
After the outbreak of the revolutionary events in Russia in 1905 she arrived in Warsaw and actively participated in the protest actions of Polish workers. After some time, the tsarist secret police manage to catch and land her in jail. Luxembourg spent some months, under threat of prison or even execution. However, thanks to the efforts of German friends in 1907, she was released from prison, after which she leaves to Germany.
To move to the country for permanent residence, rose had to execute German citizenship. The fastest way to do it was fictitious marriage with a citizen of that state. Formal husband of Monaco became Gustav lübeck. In the same year, the woman began a long affair with the son of her friend Clara Zetkin, Constantine. This fact testifies about 600 letters, preserved to this day.
Constantine was fascinated by the fiery speeches of his mistress, so she literally became his mentors in the study of Marxism. After five years the couple parted. Since that time no more love Affairs no plant Rosa Luxemburg. Her children are not very interested, as she never ceased to study the organization of the revolutionary movement, and she frankly was not up to them.
Before the war, in 1913, in a speech delivered against the rapidly rising militarism in Germany, Luxembourg, was arrested for a period of one year. After leaving prison, she has stopped her anti-war agitation. August 1, 1914, when the Kaiser of Germany declared war on the Russian Empire, socialist group, a member of the then German Parliament voted to take military loans. Monaco was just beside himself from such short-sightedness of his colleagues and together with their new associates immediately created political magazine “international”. No sooner had the rose to write his first article for this edition, as it is again arrested and imprisoned in the Berlin prison.
In February 1915 she was again taken to places of detention for speaking at the rally, held in Frankfurt-on-main. A year later she was released, but three months later was arrested again. This time they gave her already long term – two and a half years. At that time she was already elderly, to the sick and lonely, but considering that the best healer is to work, rose wrote a lot, sitting in prison.
When were fighting, she finds the same ardent adherent, as it were, in the face of a revolutionary Karl Liebknecht. Together they create a new organization – “the Union of Spartacus». In December 1918 they again together became the founders of the German Communist party.
At the first Congress of the new organization, the Rosa Luxemburg made a report, which is harshly criticized the Bolsheviks for the establishment in the country a one-party dictatorship, which, in her opinion, severely trampled on democratic freedoms, and contributed to the suppression of all opposition parties.
When the woman once again was released from prison in 1918, this time in Germany is already in full swing blazed the November revolution. Control over the public situation was completely lost, and a reign of terror literally spilled into the streets, carrying all the anger that had accumulated over the years of the First world war.
As is known, any revolution is scary in that it does not divide people into right and wrong, and crushes everyone who comes under her bloody skating rink. The history of the Rosa Luxemburg proof. She became one of the victims of their own former comrades in the party who were in a hurry hurry, so to speak, under the guise of, get rid of became restless and disagreeable colleagues.
15 Jan 1919 in Luxembourg, together with his colleague Karl Liebknecht were arrested and taken to the hotel «Eden”. At the entrance to the building she was met by a crowd, consisting entirely of soldiers and officers, who began to shower the woman with swear words. Then she was subjected to a very humiliating interrogation, and then, under the pretext of premises in Moabit prison, led to the exit of the hotel.
When the woman led along the corridor, she was attacked by one of the soldiers, and struck twice on the head. When she fell, the guards picked it up and put it in the car where the beating continued. The murder of Rosa Luxemburg took place in the car on the way to prison, when, in the end tired to mock the woman, the torturers she was shot and the body dumped in the water Underscore channel. Only a few months, namely, June 1, her remains were discovered and lifted from the water. Buried revolutionary after 13 days at Berlin's Friedrichsfelde cemetery.
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KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/zha-aly-tar-o-am/23254-roza-lyuksemburg-m-r-men-l-m-revolyucionerki.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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