Mineral processing: basic techniques, technologies and equipment

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2020-04-30 11:20:21

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If the commodity of valuable minerals, we have a question about how primary ore or fossil can be as attractive jewelry. Especially considering the fact that the processing of the breed, as such, represents one of, if not the final, then at least prior to the final phase of the gentrification process. The answer to the question is the concentration of minerals in the course of which the basic processing of the breed, providing for the separation of valuable mineral from the empty environments.mineral processing

General enrichment technology

Processing of valuable minerals is carried out in special plants for enrichment. The process involves the execution of several operations, including training, direct splitting and splitting rocks with admixtures. In the course of enrichment have different minerals, including graphite, asbestos, tungsten, ore materials, etc. does Not necessarily have to be valuable breeds – there are many factories that perform the processing of raw materials, which is further used in construction. Anyway, the basics of mineral processing are based on the analysis of the properties of minerals, which determine the principles of division. By the way, the need for clipping different structures arises not only with the aim of obtaining a single pure mineral. Common practice, when one of the structure displays several valuable species.

Crushing rocks

In this step, the grinding material on the individual particles. In the crushing process involves mechanical forces, which overcome the internal clutch mechanisms. ore processingAs a result, the breed is divided into small solid particles, wearing the uniform nature of the structure. Thus it is necessary to distinguish between direct crushing and grinding equipment. In the first case, the mineral raw material is subjected to less deep separation structure in which particles are formed with a fraction more than 5 mm. In turn, the grinding ensures the formation of elements with a diameter less than 5 mm, although this figure depends on what breed you have to deal with. In both cases the aim is the maximum splitting of the grains nutrients to relinquish the pure component with no mixed doubles, that is, waste ore, impurities, etc.

Screening Process

After the completion of the process of crushing the prepared raw material is subjected to different technological effects, which may also be a sifting, and weathering. Screening essentially is a classification of the obtained granules according to the characteristic grain size. The traditional way of implementing this stage involves the use of sieves and sieves, provided with the possibility of calibration cells. In the process of screening and podrastali nagisetty separated particles. A kind of mineral processing begins at this stage because of the impurities and doubles separated. The small fraction size of less than 1 mm is eliminated and with the help of the air environment – by weathering. Mass resembling fine sand, rises an artificial air flow, and then settles. magnetic separatorsFurther particles, which settle more slowly are separated from very small elements of dust lingers in the air. For the further collection of derivatives of such screening use water.

Beneficiation processes

The enrichment Process aims at the selection of the raw material particles of the mineral. During these procedures, there are several groups of elements – a useful concentrate, final tailings and other products. The principle of the separation of these particles is based on differences between the properties of the useful minerals and gangue. Such properties can be the following: density, wettability, magnetic susceptibility, size, conductivity, shape, etc. So, the enrichment process that uses the difference in density, uses gravity separation methods. This approach is used in the processing of coal, ore and nonmetallic raw materials. Very common and enrichment based on the characteristics of the wettability of the components. In this case, the flotation method, a feature which is the possibility of separating the fine grains.

Also used magnetic enrichment of minerals, which allows to distinguish ferrous impurities from talc and graphite mediums and purify tungsten, titanium, iron and other ores. This technique is based on the difference inthe influence of a magnetic field on mineral particles. As equipment there are special separators that are also used to recover magnetite suspensions.processing of mineral raw materials

The Final stages of enrichment

The main processes of this stage include dehydration, pulp concentration and drying of the obtained particles. The selection of dewatering equipment is based on the chemical-physical characteristics of the mineral. Usually this procedure is performed in several sessions. The need to perform it occurs not always. For example, if the enrichment process used electric separation, the dewatering is not required. In addition to technological processes of preparation of the product of enrichment for further processing, must be provided and the appropriate infrastructure for handling of particles of the mineral. In particular, the factory can be arranged corresponding to the production service. Introduced departmental vehicle is available for the supply of water, heat and electricity.

Beneficiation Equipment

At the stages of grinding and crushing, there are special installation. Mechanical devices that by using different driving forces have a devastating effect on the breed. Further, the process of screening using a sieve and the sieve, which provides for the calibration of holes. For screening, a more sophisticated machine, called screens. Directly perform the enrichment of electric, gravitational and magnetic separators, which are used in accordance with the specific principle of the separation structure. Then for dehydration use the technologies of drainage, the implementation of which can apply the same screens, elevators, centrifugal machines and apparatus for filtration. The final stage usually involves the use of means of heat treatment and drying.processing

Waste from the enrichment process

As a result of the enrichment process produces several categories of products, which can be divided into two types – useful concentrate and waste. And valuable substance does not necessarily have to represent the same species. Also not to say that waste is a waste material. In such products may contain a valuable concentrate, but in minimal amounts. Further enrichment of minerals that are found in the structure waste is often not feasible technologically and financially, therefore, secondary processes such processing is rarely carried out.

Optimal enrichment

Depending on the conditions of the enrichment, the characteristics of the original material and the method may vary the quality of the final product. The higher the content of valuable component and less impurities, the better. An ideal ore-dressing, for example, provides a complete lack of waste product. This means that in the process of enrichment of the mixture obtained by crushing and sieving from the General mass was completely excluded particles of contaminants from tailings. However, to achieve this effect is not always possible.minerals

Partial mineral processing

A partial enrichment-refers to a division of class size fossil or cut off easily allocated portion of the impurities from the product. That is, this procedure does not aim at complete purification of the product from impurities and waste, but only increases the value of the source material by increasing the concentration of particles. Such processing of mineral raw materials can be used, for example, to reduce the ash content of coal. In the process of enrichment is the major class of items further mixing of the concentrate raw drop-out fine fraction.

The Problem of loss of valuable species enrichment

As unwanted impurities remain in the concentrate mass of useful and valuable breed can be displayed along with the waste. To account for such losses are special tools to calculate the allowable level thereof for each of the processes. That is, for all methods of Department develop individual standards of acceptable losses. The allowable percentage is taken into account in the balance of the products being processed to cover the discrepancies in the calculation of the coefficient of moisture and mechanical losses. Especially such records is essential if you plan beneficiation of ore, which is used deep crushing. Accordingly, increases the risk of loss of valuable concentrate. And yet, in most cases, the loss of valuable breed is due to a process upset.basics of enrichment usefulfossil

Conclusion

Recently, the technology of enrichment of valuable species has made a significant step in its development. Improved and individual treatment processes, and General implementation scheme of the Department. One of the promising ways forward is the use of combined treatment schemes that improve the quality characteristics of the concentrates. In particular, the combination of exposed magnetic separators, resulting in the optimized enrichment process. New methods of this type include magnetohydrodynamic and magnetohydrostatic separation. It is noted and a General trend of deteriorating ore rocks that can impact on the quality of the product. To deal with higher levels of impurities can be active application of fractional enrichment, but the overall increase in sessions processing makes the technology inefficient.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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