Missile complex "Caliber". Cruise missiles "Caliber". Combat missile complex

In the Spring of 2009 at the exhibition of defense systems in Asia OKB “Innovator” introduced missile system with a cruise missile "Calibre". It includes four such missiles. The missile system «Calibre» looks like the usual twelve-meter shipping container that is used for transportation. This disguise helps the complex to be invisible until activated.

“Affordable strategic missile systems” - so the developers have named the new missile system because its price was less than fifteen million dollars.

Compact rocket

The Western military experts, the emergence of such masking caused panic, because thanks to her all the rules of war since that time completely changed. Such a container could be anywhere: on a ship, and train, and be trailer and plane. Therefore, the enemy since it is necessary to conduct a thorough exploration, before deciding to attack.

But in any port and at the train station in developed countries, such containers is a huge number. They are warehouses, they can be placed or equipment can be working. In addition, they can be installed power plants of various types and much more. To determine which of the hundreds of thousands of containers has inside missile system «Calibre», is almost impossible.

Transport for civilian use is great for such goods. Among the innumerable boats and trains with the same, no different containers to find the one impossible. And track them with satellites without interruption is not possible.

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The Panic of the West

According to the British newspaper «The Daily Telegraph" experts believe that if Iraq had such a missile system, it is unlikely that the United States invaded the Persian Gulf, as any cargo ship in the Gulf could have on Board such missile system «Calibre».

The Pentagon has expressed serious concern over the fact that Russia launched a missile system to all those who can be attacked by the US. They believe that the situation in the world will be destabilized if such weapons fall, for example, in Venezuela or Iran.

In the United States and previously very worried about the fact that Russia had intended to sell Iran the s-300, having the ability of reflection of a missile strike the US or Israel. Needless to say that the missile system «Calibre» - this is not air defence and strike weapons.

Features “Caliber”. Why is the West so afraid of?

Previously, the missile system was intended for installation only on ships and submarines. But the breakthrough EDB “Innovator” is that the new cruise missiles are installed in the normal container and can run stand-alone. Therefore, the use of rockets has radically changed.

“Caliber” has no formal restrictions in use. The range of cruise missiles «Calibre-To” is from two hundred fifty to three hundred kilometers, they are not ballistic. The Americans took over any restrictions in the export of cruise missiles "Tomahawk". As a result, and Russia has no export restrictions on cruise missiles, especially for such a small range.

What is so alarmed military the Pentagon's missile system «Calibre»? Characteristics of the complex does not feature anything new and high-tech. He has no long range defeats the purpose and is not ultra-fast.

However, the danger of the complex for the enemy is that he is in quite a compact container and are practically invisible to everybody's intelligence — technical or air. It can be easily installed almost anywhere, for example, for coastal defense. It's just a cruise missile. But! Thanks to them suddenly break coastal defence will not succeed, since it will need to hit too many targets, most of which will be false.

Therefore, the carriers do not dare to fly close to the shore, and landing ships might be good if you try landing.

Expressed the opinion that if air defenses are tucked away in the same containers, Maritime boundaries, certainly no one would have dared to encroach.

How to construct a container of the rocket

Missiles Russia container type were made in JSC "Concern "Morinformsistema-agate». In one container located setting for a launch of four missiles. But, besides, two similar container. In one of the bottom must be the control Module, and the other — Module life support and nutrition. It is carried out daily maintenance and checks, receiving commands for a firing, the calculation of these objectives, the training before the start, the flight mission and launch missiles.

To implement all of this required communication, navigation via satellite, the command post and crew. So terrorists are unlikely to use this technique, because they have no satellites, and "Caliber" takes the relationshipthrough the Russian space group.

Container of the rocket — the reflection of the attack in period threats

The Purpose of the container complex is the arming of the civilian courts during periods of external threats. Lying close to the shore, they will cover the coast from amphibious ships. In the presence of roads and Railways they become mobile anti-ship complexes, which are able to stop the enemy at a distance of not less than one hundred fifty kilometers or more. Therefore, for the defense of these complexes are highly effective.

Only One "Caliber" enough to replace the naval aviation and Navy. Modest price of the complex is very competitive with techniques from Western Europe. The complex is perfect for German submarines, frigates, Spanish, Italian helicopters and other weapons. Even the United Arab Emirates also actively eyeing complexes.

Missiles Russia

A family “Caliber” (or “Club” – in its export version) consists of five missiles of different purpose, capacity and range. Photo "Caliber" is presented below.

Anti-ship cruise 3М54Э developed on the basis of "Garnet", which is used for strikes on aircraft carriers. The range of this missile is three hundred kilometers. The speed of the missile is 0.8 of the speed of sound. When approaching the target, its speed increases and exceeds one kilometer per second. But to sink an aircraft carrier with one blow, the missile will not be able and is therefore a tactical weapon.

Rocket «alpha»

But the first component of the missile complex was a missile “alpha”, which was first seen in 1993 at the exhibition in Abu Dhabi and the international aerospace salon in Zhukovsky. The same year it was adopted.

The Western designation of the missile — SS-N-27 Sizzler. Yet it is called “Club”, “Turquoise” and “alpha”. But the Russian cipher missiles — “Caliber”.

India's first purchased this shock missile system «Calibre». They were installed on the frigates and submarines Armed Naval Forces of India, who built the Russian company. Those submarines that have already bought, made the repair and modernization work. Also, these missile systems, it was decided to put in China and some other countries.

"Gauge-N" and "Caliber"

In 1990 exports were also offered missiles Club-N and Club-S for submarines and surface ships. Initially, they were used to attack submarines. So, 91РЭ1 rocket is launched from a torpedo tube in fifty-three millimeters. With solid engine it passes under the water and gaining altitude. Next, turn on the engine of the second stage and cruise missiles «Calibre» continues to move the impact point. Submarine it finds on your own. A little later, in addition to missiles, damaging the submarines, the complex was equipped with and anti-ship missiles. Famous subs “Varshavyanka” project 636.3 armed with complexes of Club-S. They are exported to India and China, Vietnam and Algeria.

Cruise missile 3М14Е

This rocket has similar characteristics to 3М54Э1. However, it is designed to destroy ground targets, not underwater ("Kalibr-PL") and surface ("Caliber NK"). Missile system of this kind a little differently controlled. Elements of it governance is bravestar that ensures the secrecy of the flight due to the required exact adherence altitude while the diffraction relief area, and a satellite navigation system, which contributes to high-precision guidance.

3М54Э and 3М54Э1. Similarities and differences

3М54Э and 3М54Э1 also have a similar configuration. They are made according to standard aerodynamic configuration with a drop-down trapezoidal wing, but differ in the number of steps.

The rocket 3М54Э three stages: solid at the start, marching with the liquid reagent and solid third.

Start starts through the first stage, after which it is separated and launched boosters with opening of the wing. The rate at this stage is up to two hundred and forty meters per second. After the detection of the target second stage also separates and begins to work the third. Speed develops up to thousands of meters per second.

The Main difference rocket 3М54Э1 from 3М54Э — it's the lack of the third stage. Therefore, the rocket 3М54Э1 only has subsonic speed. She is the shorter of the two meters. But its warhead is more than two times in comparison with the rocket 3М54Э. Flying 3М54Э1 as well as compare the model, but not accelerating at the end.

Latest weapons Russia

The Twenty-third day of September 2014, the commander of black sea Navy reported to the President that in Novorossiysk will be based submarines fitted with cruise missiles long range. When the President was asked to specify what range it is, the commander of the fleet said that the range of missiles is one thousand five hundred kilometers. Experts believe that the new cruise missile Russia was the 3M14 missile family “Caliber”.

The fact that diesel-electric submarines in the black sea fleet, launch the torpedo with a diameter of five hundred thirty-three millimeters. It is with these characteristics and has the above mentioned cruise missiles «Calibre». This missile is launched from vertical launchers or torpedo tubes of submarines. According to some, it consists of two types of combat units: the special and conventional. Thanks to a special part of the range of the missiles managed to greatly increase.

The new arms of Russia gives possibility of the black sea fleet to hit targets beyond the Black sea, without leaving the places of permanent deployment.

So the General public were provided information about the range of the missiles in a thousand miles. However, experts have long known about this and even longer range missiles. In 2012, the commander of the Caspian flotilla have said that the rocket «Calibre», which were installed on his ships, could strike a distance of two thousand six hundred kilometers.

Thus, the Russian cruise missiles caught up and overtook us missiles "Tomahawk" a range of two thousand kilometers with a nuclear warhead and with six hundred thousand high-explosive warhead.

Military experts about the long-range missile

Experts agreed that the use of a winged long-range missiles did not violate the Treaty on the elimination of short and medium range because they simply do not fall under the jurisdiction of this document, and others, with the US, and never anticipated.

Current exhibition

International experts knew about the workings of such missiles earlier exhibition 2009. Exhibition of military equipment with the participation of “Caliber” was carried out before. In 2006 in Nizhny Tagil missile "alpha" was first shown on the exhibition. And talking about the rocket even before that, back in the 90-ies.

In 2010 at the international military exhibition in Qatar was also represented missile system «Calibre». This shore Club-M mobile type, modular system Club-U, and on Board of the complex has already been submitted a year earlier in Malaysia, Club-K.