Mass production - what is it? Feature

The production Process is organized in accordance with different criteria and approaches. In order to optimize their production cycles, increase financial results, companies are being very thoughtful to methods of manufacturing their products. There are several generally accepted methods of production.

Serial production – a special form of organization of the production cycle, based on certain technological, economic characteristics, expertise and product range of the company.

Factors of production

On the type of production are influenced by a number of its characteristics and features. This is a technical, organisational and economic performance of the company. They determine the composition and of the latitude range, the volume of production of finished products and its stability and regularity of issue.

Depending on the level of specialization and concentration distinguish single, serial and mass production. They are determined by a number of factors. Primarily on the type of production affects the production volume and nomenclature. During the production cycle account for the degree of permanence of the list of products produced, as well as the workload of jobs.

A particular type of organization of the production process applicable to the entire enterprise, its areas, or even individual jobs. The assignment of companies to a certain category is rather arbitrary.

Production type

Today's highlights Types of production (single, serial, mass) have several characteristic features.

For a single production is characterized by small volume production of identical products. Repair or re-release is not provided.

Serial production of finished products produced by the parties. Moreover, they are made with a certain periodicity. Distinguish between small-scale, large-scale and medium type of output.

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Mass production is characterized by the greatest extent. Products in this case are made continuously and in large quantities. This requires a lot of time.

Basic properties of serial production

Serial type of production is the most common type of organization of production of many industries. Products in this case are characterized by structural uniformity. They released a series of small, medium or large size. The intervals are repeated with a certain periodicity. In the process of the production cycle, it takes some time to manufacture the products, and also breaks when the equipment is at rest.

The term “series” must understand a certain number of similar goods, which creates a single enterprise.

Product line for this type of production is quite large. More diverse, this figure looks only at a single approach to the organization of release of the goods. Some of the products is similar for technological and structural characteristics.

Features and benefits

Serial production has a number of characteristic features. One is the repeatability and periodicity of the manufacturing process of the finished product. This makes the production cycle is a rhythmic.

The Release of goods is carried out in large or relatively large volumes. This gives the opportunity to unify the new products and processes. Products can be manufactured according to the standards and regulations. This provides the ability to apply them in a constructive ranks in large quantities. This approach reduces their costs.

In Addition to improving the quality of finished products and reducing its cost, organizations have the opportunity to purchase special equipment, sharpened for the production of standard parts and assemblies. Performance in this case is also increasing.

Main features

Characteristics of serial production allows you to highlight the main features of this arrangement of the release of goods. These include the production of batches with a wide range of similar parts and assemblies. Production activity in this case decentralized in shops, offices, etc. Increases their specialization.

The Manufacture of products is performed on the basis of orders, and not known in advance customers. Workers have an average skill level. Manual labor is characterized by small volumes of.

Production cycles are short. The technological process is typed. They use high-tech equipment. Quality control is automated. Apply statistical methods of control of conformity to standards products.

Disadvantages

Serial production – system, which has a number of advantages. But also this approach to the organization of production has some drawbacks. The first thing to note greatthe duration of the cycle when irregular operation of the equipment.

Frequent changeovers, maintenance, machine tools requires a significant investment of time. In this case, increase non-production costs. In manufacturing there are large breaks. They arise as a result of the preparatory work for the manufacture of products, parts.

If the wrong approach to the organization of the production process may increase the cost of products and decrease turnover. It also may decrease the rate of labor productivity. Therefore, the process of organization of serial production of goods should be taken seriously, to perform a number of calculations and planning.

Subtypes

Serial production is conventionally divided into small, medium and large-scale production. Such a division is conditional. This is due to the presence of some characteristic features of individual and mass production principle in some subtypes.

Some of the features that have the Mass production, successful combination of high volume sub-categories. In this series have a large scale. Their production takes a lot of time. The intervals between batches are small and rare.

If the party is small, these types of cycles are defined some of the characteristics of a single method of manufacture of the goods. This approach is often used to create small batches of parts on special order. Moreover, in recent years this approach has significantly improved. The use of computer technology can reduce the cost of working time, to produce on the same production line several different types of parts.

Calendar distribution

The Rhythm, the efficiency of release of batches of finished products allows you to organize calendar Development. Mass production requires the allocation of several stages.

If parts, components or workpieces is scheduled to release a year, distributed among the months. After that, during the planning period defines the time during which the equipment will operate to manufacture the required item.

The residual of the time is also estimated. It is used to create other goods, which includes the program production. These products are distributed in accordance with calendar plans, terms of contracts with suppliers and customers.

Organization

Enterprises of serial production of can produce the whole sets of products, the production time which is in close time intervals. These types of parts combine. These kits make it relatively evenly load the equipment. This reduces the number of item combinations that are fixed in some months.

A Set of this or that is fixed for the chosen period calendar period. The enterprise is interested in the periodic recurrence of similar combinations throughout the year. This allows you to establish the rhythmic output.

The Annual program by item and volume create the finished products must be fully implemented for calendar period. And you can create sets of products are calculated different combinations of parts. This gives you the opportunity to test the capacity utilization.

System of operational production planning

Serial production – a fairly complex type of organization in which there is consolidation of multiple item transactions for a working spot. Therefore, for operational planning is applied in several systems. This includes the development of future production for cyclic sets, for practices, but also for complex numbers. Created plans based on the continuous production process.

To determine future cycle sets on the basis of interplant baseline documents are the terms of manufacturing of goods for the year, as well as information on the composition of the kit. They list all of the workpiece that are included in the composition. The planning Department takes into consideration the calendar regulations for each unit of production, and the whole set.

This approach allows the enterprise to organize production, to increase productivity of equipment and labor resources. Correction of the planned cycles at the formation of sets provides the ability to choose the most profitable option of creating finished goods.

The benefits of cyclic planning sets

Serial production cannot be implemented effectively without the planning workshops and the projects of the company. Analysts expect the planned launch date of the cyclic set. This work is performed in each shop of the company. Planning is done based on previously established timing and the sequence of submitting the kits to assemble them. However, this takes into account the normative indicator of the duration of each cycle. The whole system must function smoothly, performing tasks of the company.

The Plan provides the company with a number of advantages. Production of goods takes place rhythmically, allowing to reduce downtime of equipment and goods wait workpieces, components and parts.

Scheduling work backlog

The Most flexible in the processplanning is the development system for the backlog. First, the fundamental level for calculation of backlog in detail, the nodes in each shop. During the production process, the aim is to maintain the level of production of goods structural units in accordance with the calculated level. The volume targets for each product is determined in days or provides trainings for five days on the final output.

Economically beneficial to reduce the operation of fitting structures as the consistency allows to reduce the weight of each manual operation of workers. They perform several specialized operations.

Development of group processes

Serial type of production is characterized by a diversity and complexity of the organization. To include machine-tool, machine-building enterprises. For medium and small batch production it is expedient to apply the method of group planning.

The Essence of this approach involves the development of group processes and the creation of the corresponding base snap. All the details distributed by type. While taking into account their technological, structural similarities, and applied the same type of equipment.

From each group when planning there are the most intricate detail, which are defined similar with other products structural elements. If not, developing an integrated unit of production. It design equipment, machines. This allows the manufacture of any part of the group. This approach makes mass production profitable.

Serial production – the most common form of organization of the process of production of finished products. Knowing its characteristics and applying the methods of planning, analytical service is able to increase the profitability of finished products, improve the technological cycles.