Heating boilers for solid fuels: overview, features

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2020-06-21 03:00:21

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Boiler called a furnace designed to operate as the primary node of the water heating system and is equipped with a heat exchanger for liquid coolant. Heating boilers for solid fuels - the perfect solution for a country house in an area where there is no gasification. Versatile, economical, and fireproof heating system based on solid fuel boiler, ensure the house is warm, hot water and create comfort. And all this at a reasonable price.

The Types of heating boilers by energy source

Besides the obvious benefits of living outside the city, the owner of a country house lies a lot of responsibility including the heat in the house. For heating and hot water use systems of the following types:

  • Electrical.
  • Liquid fuel.
  • Gas.
  • Solid fuel.

Each class has its advantages and disadvantages. Solution for heating of private homes with solid fuel boiler offers the greatest flexibility on used fuel, high autonomy and the least cost of a kilowatt of heat. In addition, the atmospheric system with natural circulation of coolant does not depend on interruptions in the power supply. If your location has no centralized gas supply, it makes sense to consider a boiler for solid fuel.

Types of solid fuel

The Most widely used is solid fuel for the boiler, such as:

  • Wood.
  • Charcoal.
  • Peat.
  • Briquettes (eurowood).
  • Pellets.

Each fuel type has its advantages and disadvantages, and many of them are caused by geographic and economic features of a region. When selecting a device it is necessary to think about the kind of fuel it will burn and to evaluate the economic efficiency of a choice.

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Manufacturers produce heating boilers for solid fuels as optimized for any particular type of fuel, and versatile.

Wood

This is the oldest type of fuel, mastered by mankind. Traces of prehistoric campfires found on the sites Dating back to tens of thousands of years ago.

kindling Wood

Today, the most widely used birch and aspen firewood. At least - alder, oak, and wood of coniferous trees. Birch firewood - the leader in calorific value, but contain a lot of tar. Burning, it turns to soot clogging the chimney. Aspen gives less heat, but the flue can be cleaned substantially more rarely. Oak wood give a lot of heat and long burn, but too expensive for constant use. Alder wood gives a pleasant smell, so they are often burned in open fireplaces. The wood of coniferous trees by a good calorific value, but contain a lot of resins, and the resulting soot clog the chimney faster than when burning birch firewood.

The Advantage of wood lies in their availability and the small amount of dust and dirt during use. Disadvantage - the wood can dry, which can significantly reduce their fuel efficiency or even make impossible the furnace.

Coal

Coal is widely used for heating. Stoked as coal and brown.

The stone coal with a high carbon content, it has a high calorific value and low ash and slag. Brown coal is of lower quality, contains a lot of impurities, gives less heat and more forms of gases, ash and slag. His only advantage is the relative cheapness.

coal

Coal does not dampen and has a high calorific value, in half to two times higher than that of firewood. The lack of coal - dust and dirt when using it.

Peat

Mined Peat bogs, dried and pressed into briquettes.

Has an average calorific value, burning with the release of large amounts of smoke. Used in areas where there are few forests, but there is a swamp.

Briquettes

This is a compressed sawdust the size of a small brick, treated in drying cameras. Have high dissipation and the ability to slow uniform burning.

Briquette from sawdust

Pellets

Have the form of small compressed pellets of wood sawdust, their size is optimized for mechanical feed from the hopper.

Pellets from sawdust

Solid fuel boilers

System for water heating on a solid fuel used by man since ancient times. The boiler was of copper, tubes, floor - ceramic, the combustion chamber was simply the space under the boiler. Physico-chemical basis of operation of the device was a simple combustion of wood or peat. Over the millennia the design of the boiler is significantly more complicated, have been used new materials and physico-chemical processes, the number of inventions and patents in the hundreds.

The Modern boiler houses to solid fuel is a high-tech unit efficiency,reaching 80%.

Depending on the type of applied fuel solid fuel systems are divided into:

  1. Wood and carbon. Calorific value of coal about one and a half times higher than the tree popular varieties. The temperature of coal combustion is also significantly higher. Design wood and coal boilers vary insignificantly, they mostly boil down to variations in fuel loading and ash removal and slag.
  2. Universal. Most devices belong to this class. Moreover, many models have the option of installing optional gas burners or burners for liquid fuel.
  3. Peat (briquettes).
  4. Pellet. Pellet boiler is equipped with a silo for the storage of fuel and mechanical feed system of pellets into the combustion chamber. It is controlled by the automatic control system maintains the desired parameters of the coolant temperature or room temperature.
    boiler pellet
    This boiler has the greatest autonomy among all types of solid fuel devices and can work without intervention of the owner from a week to a month is determined only by the size of the hopper and heat consumption. Pellet system requires more space for its installation, mechanical fuel supply system needs periodic adjustment and maintenance.

A Traditional oven

Traditional oven (Russian, Dutch, etc.) works as follows: in the combustion chamber burned solid fuel placed on the grate. At this time opened the full access of air through the ash pit below the grate and open the exhaust damper (damper). More or less opening the ash pit, you can adjust the thrust and the speed of combustion. As fuel burns out of it are the hot products of combustion, including harmful carbon monoxide. Passing through the winding chimney, left among the masonry, these gases heat up the bricks. After the release of gaseous products ended (faded blue flames above the coal), ash pit, and the exhaust valve is closed so that the heat from the cooling of coal and brick masonry are not lost to the atmosphere. However, most of the heat derived from the burning of fuel escapes into the atmosphere.

Long burning Boilers

The Boiler long burning sellers often known as any, capable of supporting the regime of corruption. In the strict sense of the definition of heating boiler on solid fuel continuous burning should work on one load of fuel is not less than a day.

Boiler breakdown

The long burning Mode is implemented due to slow burning of fuel in the conditions of lack of oxygen. Thus begins the chemical process of pyrolysis, which consists in the allocation of solid fuel to flammable gas and their subsequent combustion. Gases released during pyrolysis, have significantly higher calorific value than wood or coal in a traditional furnace just released into the atmosphere.

Types of boilers long burning

Heating Boilers for solid fuels long burning made for several schemes.

  1. Non-Volatile or atmosphere. Air movement in them at the expense of natural draught. Have a slightly lower thermal efficiency, but do not depend on the stability of power supply.
  2. With a boost. In this type of boilers the air flow produced by the fan, an automatic system controls the flow of air. This design allows for maximum heat transfer, but it depends on the power supply.

In addition, the boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit. Single-circuit boilers designed only for heating, dual-circuit with carry out heating and hot water.

A Choice of solid fuel boiler

The market presents a variety of solid fuel boilers for heating of private houses. To select the boiler, it is necessary to clearly formulate the requirements for future spacecraft.

The Key parameters affecting the choice of boiler is:

  • Heat output.
  • Severability.
  • Fuel Type.
  • The Number of contours.
  • Type of boost.
  • Price.

The Main characteristic of the boiler is its heat capacity, it determines the area of the building that this model can heat.

So, for a house area of 60 m2 it is enough for 9 kW of heat output, and a two-storey cottage with total area of 200 m2 it is better to choose 25 or 30 kW, depending on climate zone, mean annual and minimum temperature. The quality of the insulation also affects the capacity of the boiler. For example, if the boiler is purchased for heating an old house built without the use of heat-saving technologies, the boiler capacity will have to increase.

Autonomy means the time passing from the loading to the loading of fuel at average power. Maximum autonomy (up to one month) provide pellet boilers with automatic feed, minimal - atmospheric device operating on firewood (up to 12 hours)

The Next parameter is the type of fuel. You should choose a boiler running on fuel that is available and affordable in the region. If you are undecided with fuel, choose universal boiler.

The Number of heating circuits. Combi boiler costsmore expensive and harder to connect. If the hot water consumption will be small, it is easier to put an electric water heater. Besides in the summer when heating is not needed, don't have to heat the boiler.

The Price of boilers for water heating solid fuel starts from 20 thousand rubles For this money you can buy a simple single-loop atmospheric boiler with manual power adjustment. The boiler long burning with automatics will cost about 35-40 thousand RUB From 120 thousand RUB. is a wood pellet boiler for solid fuels. Price fully automated boiler hopper is designed for a monthly supply of pellets that will be closer to 300 thousand rubles. For a comparable amount you can put the system of Autonomous gas supply entry-level.

Pot a

Heating Boilers for solid fuels with their hands can make out of a worn gas cylinder and scraps of steel pipes and fittings. Of course, if you own a welding and plumbing skills at a sufficient level. For energy efficiency, it was unlikely to even come close to the industrial samples, however, will cost you the price of the electrodes.

Need:

  • Gas bottle, 50 litre.
  • Angle steel 30*30, 1 meter.
  • Fittings with a diameter of 8-12 mm, 2 per meter.
  • Steel Pipe 2 inch, trimming from 40 cm - 6 PCs.
  • Bulgarian.
  • Welding.
hands

The Cylinder is positioned vertically and welded legs to him out of the corner for support. At the bottom of the door cut out for a blower and ash pan, not directly over it across the cylinder is welded a plurality of parallel lengths of rebar - it will be grate. In the middle part cut out a door for loading fuel. In the upper part of the cylinder cut out 8 holes with a diameter of 50 mm so that the insert 4 is parallel trimming pipes and sealed the gaps. Of the 2 remaining pieces of pipe do 2 manifold connecting the protruding ends of the tubes. One end of the brew, the second threading for connection to a hot water heating system. Carved doors hung on the case with purchased or made their own loops. Sometimes to improve the appearance of use the cast iron doors of industrial production.

Compared with industrial designs, the efficiency will be low, and the appearance - more than modest. However, to operate such heating boilers for solid fuels will be properly and it will come down to the Lodge or heating greenhouses.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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