The art of pottery. The master of pottery. The basic nuances of pottery

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2019-05-09 05:20:44

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The art of ceramics was originally developed as a craft, which served for the manufacture of containers for meals and / or vessels, which are used to store dry or liquid materials. Today, it is a treatment by forming on a specially designed wheel, after which the dried product is applied to the glaze, followed by a mandatory firing clay. Thus are manufactured items that are used in any area: home appliances, construction, decoration, decorations, Souvenirs. These products are called ceramics pottery, they can be found in every corner of our planet. pottery

There are three main classes of production technology of pottery.

  • Production of construction bricks;
  • Making clay or stone dishes;
  • To develop more sophisticated porcelain or China items.

Based on the technology of production, all classes of pottery similar, however there are a number of nuances that affect the final result. The main difference – varieties of clay, which lie at the basis of the product.

History

As mentioned earlier, the art of pottery came from craft, which is used exclusively to produce vessels for the storage of materials and food. Over time it has evolved, enriched and brought before us today is not in the same form which saw him by our ancestors. Thanks to technological discoveries began to emerge new objects of manufacture, they resulted in the appearance of such items as fire brick, stone ware, tiles, tiles, drainage pipes, architectural decorations and numerous other products.masters of the pottery art

Due to the fact that society has become to decorate and beautify the usual pottery, pottery from the category of craft has moved into the category of art. Making clay pots was popular in ancient times since then, as mankind became acquainted with the common planet material-clay and its properties.

The old Testament contains several references to the profession of a Potter and his wares. The most ancient clay vessels in prehistoric times were off by a human hand and, consequently, were of irregular shape. Later meet round and oval products, obviously made with the help of the Potter's wheel. History has not preserved information about the exact emergence of this circle, however, mentions of it are from ancient times.

It is Known that in Asia, the first porcelain appeared two thousand years ago. This indicates that pottery in China has developed much faster than in the world.

Each nation has its own traditions associated with this craft into art. So in the African countries in the early twentieth century, pots were made by hand, drying of the clay was carried out in the sun and baking products were made using a bundle of straw and fire.

As for Europe, here to the eighth-century pottery was in full decline. Only the Spanish Moors gave him the push, about the same time, there were products that were covered with icing.

Pottery got its heyday in about the thirteenth century. The brightest outburst occurred in Italy, where it was invented majolica-a type of pottery that made from burned clay. Florence gave the world such a master of the art of pottery, as the case Luca Robbia, sculptures and other works are considered to be the pride of the nation in our time.

Using the technology of the sculptor Robbia, Tuscan factory has taken another step forward – articles of earthenware. They first burned a fire, then they were covered with white glaze, on which to make drawings, after which the product was exposed to a second firing, more powerful than the first. Majolica began to make not only an architectural decoration, but also household utensils, vases, figurines.

After the decline of the pottery industry in Italy took the baton to France. Here was invented a furnace for firing clay.

In the Middle ages pottery was created and used only by the poor, the upper class used tin, silver, gold. The wide use of pottery has also received the Church furnishings. Here it was used to create the jars. Such items are decorated with the churches of Novgorod, and the temples of Romanov.

In the late eighteenth century around the world began to appear the whole factory, are engaged in pottery.

Pottery

The Main difference between species is the composition of the ceramic mass, andthe glaze from which they are produced. Pottery are of two types: dense and porous.pottery master-class

Dense – those articles which, during firing due to the high temperature merge into a homogeneous solid mass. To break a product similar to glass. It is translucent and does not absorb fluid, and striking the steel, gives sparks. An example of a dense pottery-porcelain.

The Porous, on the contrary, easy to break, leak fluid. Among such products-faience.

There May be products that do not belong to one type, and represent a transition between these two types.

Dense

This category of pottery belong to the following:

  • Solid porcelain. The mass fused, translucent, fine-grained, elastic, homogeneous, solid, she will not succumb to the action of the knife. This porcelain contains kaolin, chalk, quartz and feldspar. He is a dual firing: first, the weak to cover with icing, then after coating strong.
  • Soft-paste porcelain. It is also called French. Its contents – almost transparent lead glaze. It also requires double firing, but first a very strong and end weaker.
  • Neglazurovannyj porcelain, or biscuit. Has the usual porcelain mass.
  • Parian. By mass close to that of soft porcelain, has a yellowish tint, tradeplace.
  • Carrara. White, translucent. Its weight – this is a cross between stone products and prenom.
  • Stoneware. It is inherent in the dense fine-grained mass. Meet ordinary and delicate wares, mostly white.

Porous

This includes:

  • Delicate earthenware. Is a mixture of fire clay and silica. It is covered with a transparent glaze. The mass is opaque, call.
  • Ordinary faience, or majolica. This red-yellow mass, which after firing, covered with an opaque tin glaze.
  • Products normal and oppostional clay. This includes bricks, tiles, drainage pipes, etc.
  • Burnt stone weight, or, as it is called, terracotta. Its part – purified clay and ground fragments of finished products. It is used for decoration vases and other items.
  • Ordinary pottery. Mass produced out of clay, clayey marl, and also of an opaque lead glaze.

Materials for pottery

To make brick, porcelain, faience, you must do the following: to make the clay mass to form it to dry, bake and cover with icing. The basic material for the manufacture of products – it's clay. The master of pottery prefer to use a pot clay, which has the required viscosity, and its temperature resistance is ideal for creating product. Despite the fact that the clay itself has a high level of plasticity, it is mandatory to add auxiliary materials due to the fact that during firing it is rapid and uneven compression which turns the product in a awkward thing. To make the simple product, requires more sand, ash, sawdust, for the production of the best quality need chamotte powder, which is obtained from the crushed products.Museum of pottery

For the production of ordinary pottery obtained previously, the clay should be left for one or two years in the air or in the water. After that, it perekinut in wooden boxes at the factories it is done by special machines. This action is necessary in order to clear the clay from stones or debris. After clay pulled out of the boxes, fold it up into piles, which are cut with a knife into thin plates. They are put back into the drawers and shifting again, purged of impurities that could to stay. The highest grade of products, particularly a colorless, require component parts that must be perfectly cleaned. The basic rule of benign clay mass – it's consistency. In order to quality cleaning clay is divided into smaller pieces that flow with water and after days ", namely the" thrown in the kneading machine. The teeth of the machine the rapid rotation of the cut clay, and a stream of water passing through this camera, takes very small pieces in a special pool, large remain at the bottom. The pool is designed for the next level of treatment, here the coarse particles are deposited, and then another jet carries them into the second pool. In it, clay is eliminated completely. This technology is used only warm water, because it better separates the clay pieces and the cleaning process is significantly accelerated by optimal temperature.

The Proportions of the component parts are determined for each product separately. Stirring means also are different: on dry, knives or water jets. Whenthis homogeneous mass it remains a large number of unwanted bubbles. This issue is fixed either with special equipment or with his feet that clay simply peretaptyvalis until the desired consistency.

Firing

In the narrow sense ceramics – the same clay, but the last firing. Accordingly, when we say “pottery”, I mean products made from inorganic materials (often clays), and their mixtures with various additives that are manufactured under high temperatures and subsequent cooling.

The burning Process starts irreversible changes, after which the material is transformed into ceramics. Under the influence of high temperature alloying of small particles in those areas where they overlap.

In the production of porcelain technology undergoes significant changes. This is due to the differences of materials, the required temperature and different properties of the components. Each source material has its own proportions and specific temperature conditions:

  • For products from clay – 1000-1200 degrees Celsius;
  • Ceramic products – 1100-1300;
  • For the production of porcelain – 1200-1400. Museum of pottery

The Technology of roasting products is carried out by various methods. However, the process of roasting in the oven – is a centuries-old, unchanged tradition. Depending on the temperature and duration of the process produced products of varying quality. Therefore, the maximum temperature in the ovens on the production does not change until finishes making a batch of products.

Moreover, the appearance of the finished product depends on the composition of the atmosphere in the kiln. You can cause a certain degree of air oxidation. With the help of specially preset parameters it is possible to achieve even the fact that Potter's clay will change color from brown to green.

Apply the glaze

Some of the pottery work is not covered with glaze. These include bricks, tiles, Terra-cotta pots. The so-called glazing is carried out in order to protect pottery from excess moisture. The same result was achieved in ancient times and milk firing – a method of making a product beautiful appearance and water resistance.

Not the most expensive pottery glazurirovanija raw simultaneously with the firing. It's called muravlenin. The essence of this action is that during firing in the oven throw salt, which turns into a couple and settles on the product. In the place where it lands, forms a fusible compound called ant.

Another method of coating is that the coating, petalcingo into a fine powder, sprinkled on the product. Often this production of rough manufacture, the pots, unfired pipes and so on. Before coating, the product will smear the flour paste and are fired.

The third method consists in the fact that the product pours a glaze that has the consistency of cream. This method covers solid products which practically does not absorb liquid. For example, some types of porcelain and faience. master of pottery

And the last way is that the porcelain and faience products are placed in a container of glaze. This method is intended for products exposed to the weak firing and initially absorbs liquid. The glaze is ground into a fine powder, mixed with water. In this liquid resembling the consistency of milk, the product is placed, which absorbs the mixture. Such a glaze might make a drawing.

Art therapy

In the modern rhythm everyone finds their way to relax. One of the most beautiful and unusual techniques – making pottery. There are two ways to try myself in this art. First – buy a pottery wheel and materials needed to practice independently. Pottery in my own home – it's not only stylish and fashionable but also incredibly exciting for you, your family and friends. In this case, you will be able to feel free artist, to try different forms based on the tutorials.

The Second way – pottery school. In the class the same beginners, as you do, you will have the opportunity to try on the role of a Creator of beautiful, artist and sculpture.

Psychologists say that pottery-it's a great way to cope with stress, become more balanced and attentive. Art therapy, according to experts, one of the best methods of dealing with depression and other nervous disorders. Pastime of the Potter's wheel helps to organize thoughts, to escape from the petty everyday problems and find a way out of difficult situations. "The full impact of the case will not solve your problems, but it will help to find ways of their solution", - in one voice say doctors.

Products with your hands

In every house there are clay, ceramic or porcelain. In the case of mass production it is difficult to surprise someone factory dishes or a vase for flowers.

Pottery – it's incredibly fun and exciting experience for the whole family. You will be able to have fun, to learn a new skill, develop skill and dexterity.pottery

Visit the first pottery master class, you will be ableto make yourself a pot. Attentive teachers are usually with patience treat newcomers, guiding them and helping in everything. Pottery helps to cope with small stresses, distracts you from everyday hustle and bustle. And products that you make, will be an occasion to be proud of another victory over him. Besides, after you work it for circle and shape your pot, you will have the opportunity to paint it. Here you can display all the imagination. This product makes a wonderful gift for a close person.

Popular for parties, birthdays and corporate parties conducted in such an unusual occupation. This is a good opportunity to socialize, get to know each other and see the creativity of their friends. In addition, this celebration will surely be remembered for its uniqueness, originality, and products made independently of the Potter's wheel, will be a great gift to commemorate a wonderful day. And someone might discover their own talent and seriously engaged in this business in the future to open his own Museum of ceramic art. Will especially enjoy this activity to the children. If they are good to sculpt from clay, then you need to try to give them to the school of pottery. This will help to develop motor skills, have a beneficial effect on the mood of the baby, and will also allow you to open the creative potential of the child. Interesting and fascinating hobby develops attention, imagination and thinking.

Hobby or business?

In the modern world pottery are very popular. They belong to the category of products that is always in demand and relevant. In each house there are dishes, vases, pots, various figurines and Souvenirs. For many centuries this craft, developing into art, popular and in demand. But because pottery has increasingly turn into a real business. Private pottery workshop is a very profitable business, because the main raw material-clay-free material, which in the literal sense lies just beneath our feet. Beautiful, original, designer products can bring good income. A master of pottery – is a profession for the soul. You can vary the world, to a unique hobby that will bring you profit, as well as reveal your creative potential.

Pottery is popular all over the world. Despite the fact that he has a few dozen centuries, it will never go out of fashion.


Article in other languages:

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/mastactva-zabavy/32836-gancharnaya-mastactva-maystry-gancharnay-spravy-asno-nyya-nyuansy-ganc.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/kunst-und-unterhaltung/32507-t-pferei-kunst-meister-der-t-pferei-die-wichtigsten-nuancen-der-t-pfer.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/arte-y-entretenimiento/32385-el-arte-de-la-alfarer-a-el-asistente-para-la-alfarer-a-los-principales.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/ner-zh-ne-oyyn-sauy/33164-ysh-ner-sheberd-goncharnogo-neg-zg-erekshel-kter-goncharnogo-s.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/sztuka-i-rozrywka/34212-ceramiki-mistrzowie-ceramiki-sprawy-podstawowe-niuanse-ceramiki-sprawy.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/artes-e-entretenimento/33998-cer-mica-de-arte-assistente-de-oleiro-o-caso-os-principais-nuances-de-.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/sanat-ve-e-lence/29581-seramik-sanat-sihirbaz-anak-mlek-temel-n-anslar-anak-mlek.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/mistectvo-ta-rozvagi/33367-goncharne-mistectvo-maystri-goncharno-spravi-osnovn-nyuansi-goncharno-.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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