The installation "the Tornado" — the successor of the legendary "Katyusha"

When, in 1983, the US adopted a MLRS MLRS, which by its characteristics was comparable with the Soviet system “Hurricane”, was used in 1975, the NATO countries decided that overtook the Soviet Union in rocket launchers. However, their was a surprise. Four years later, in 1987, adopted reactive artillery regiments of the Soviet Army did the installation of “Tornado”.

History

The task of designing a new rocket system in front of her, in addition to the traditional tasks on the destruction of equipment, weapons, manpower, airfields and headquarters, as has always been the destruction of tactical missiles. It was necessary to increase the accuracy and range. For developing such a system took KB Tula State scientific and production enterprise "Alloy", which was designed to be a missile launcher Russia. The chief designer was Alexander N. Ganichev, and after his death - Denezhkin Gennady.

Design and features

At the beginning of the works, the designers were faced with one significant problem. All the missile launchers of Russia and the world, starting with the legendary «Katyusha», if you increase the firing range lost its main advantage — volley hitting the target did not, affected by a large dispersion of rockets. To eliminate this drawback, the world's first has been applied correction of the flight of the munition mentioned by the angles of pitch and yaw. As a result of using a unique management system was ensured accuracy, and the accuracy is three times higher than that of similar foreign rocket launchers. In addition, the shell applied more advanced solid-fuel boosters. All these innovations allow to consider that the installation “Tornado” — the weapon principally new level that is unmatched in the range and lethality of fire, the destruction of armored vehicles and manpower of a potential enemy.

Recommended

Staff evaluation: system and methods

Personnel Assessment allows you to identify how competent the employees involved in the enterprise, and it is the performance of their work – the most significant factor affecting the efficiency of the company. To clarify the impact of performa...

How to start your own business: important aspects.

Many people, tired of working for someone else, are increasingly thinking about how to start your own business. Someone wants to open a salon, someone store, and someone enough and vegetable stalls. Before you throw in the pool with his head, it is i...

Business activities. its essence and basic functions

The Entrepreneurial activity of the citizen – is undertaken at your own risk and independent activity, which aims to systematically profit through the sale of works, goods, services, use of the property. The citizen engaged in such activities, ...

Ammunition

RZSO “Tornado” — multiple rocket launchers. It has 12 starting guide pipes, respectively, in the ammunition consists of 12 missiles of various types. Consider some of them. 9М55К the projectile has a head portion with shrapnel elements. Designed to defeat soft-skinned materiel and manpower in the open countryside. The projectile contains 9М55К1 homing combat elements. Designed to destroy on top of armored vehicles and tanks. Rockets 9М55К3 and K4 are used for anti-personnel and anti-mining respectively. The head part is equipped with 9М55К5 646 submunitions with shaped-charge fragmentation affects action. Penetrate 120 mm of homogeneous armor and is most effective against infantry using infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers. Rocket 9М55Ф contains detachable high-explosive warhead. Destroys manpower, communication nodes, headquarters, military-industrial objects. The most destructive projectile to “Tornado” is 9М55С, equipped with a thermobaric warhead (the so-called fuel-air explosives, or vacuum bomb). Materials state tests, which determines the efficiency of its use, is classified.

Currently, based on the ammunition designed new missiles with increased firing range of 90 kilometers. It should be noted another unconventional warhead. We are talking about missile unmanned aerial vehicle, which is designed to monitor enemy reconnaissance within half an hour, and has a high degree of invulnerability due to its small size.

The complex MLRS

Volley set up “Tornado” consists of a combat vehicle 9A52 created on the basis of four-axle cross-country chassis MAZ-543. On it is mounted a package of 12 tubular rails form, there are radio equipment and placed the equipment of the fire control system. For loading launcher used transportenergy machine having the index 9Т234 also on chassis MAZ-543. Export version of the MLRS provides, at the customer's request, replacement car “Tatra-816". This is due to the fact that in some countries, such as India, there is a well developed service of this company. To ensure the effective combat use of units are used: the complex of AUO (Automatic fire control) 9С729М1 “Cast-1” on the chassis of KAMAZ-43114 (“Tatra-Т815”); a car for the topographic survey (index 1Т12-2M, GAZ-66); meteorological radio-directional complex 1Б44 “Smile” (“Ural-43203”).

Country, having armed RZSO

By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union on arms three regiments of rocket artillery was the installation of “Tornado”. 336 Polk after 1991 remained in Belarus, 337 — in Russia, 371 — Ukraine. In addition to the above States of the installation are serving in Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru and Turkmenistan. Part of military machines in these countries were directly delivered by Rosoboronexport, and some weresold from Soviet stockpiles, Ukraine and Belarus. China produces RZSO “Tornado” according to the license on your chassis.

Advanced development

In today's Russia is developing new missile launchers. Photo of one of them is presented to your attention. This installation "Kama" on a new chassis KAMAZ-6350 with 6 rails instead of 12, which was first demonstrated at the Airshow, ‘MAKS-2007”. Continuing the development RZSO a new generation of “Tornado”, which will soon be put on combat duty in the Russian army and in the armed forces of other States.