Tolling scheme - what is it? Accounting of transactions on Commission processing

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2020-04-23 12:20:32

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Development of partnerships in business can be carried out with the use of tolling schemes. Corresponding legal relationship are subject to requirements of the Civil code, as well as the sources of law that govern financial accounting at the Russian enterprises. What is their specificity? How are the processes characterizing such schemes?

Tolling scheme

Recycling of raw material: the essence of legal relations

To define the beginning, what are the mechanisms of interaction of the enterprises.

The Tolling scheme of legal relations of entities involves the acceptance by one party of the transaction - processor - materials from the customer to the status of cavalca for further processing or fabrication of any product. The cost of relevant materials is not paid at that time as a result of their processing, including the submitted finished products delivered to the customer within the deadline.

An Important aspect of relationships, which are characterized by the tolling scheme — accounting. It is performed using a chart of accounts, approved by law. The actual tolling is reflected in the account 003, which relates to off-balance. Directly accounting for costs associated with the processing of materials can be carried out separately from a similar procedure that characterizes the standard release of the goods by the firm (hereinafter in article we will consider this feature for more details). The structure of the associated costs may be similar to the same that characterizes the process its own materials company, except those directly cost the subcontracting materials and the costs associated with the implementation of the output.

Tolling scheme accounting

The relations sign, in case of choosing such a mechanism of interaction as tolling scheme, contract. Consider its features.

Contract with the tolling scheme: what are its characteristics?

In fact, the agreement is considered a subspecies of contract. Thus, when planning parties of legal relations should be guided primarily by the provisions of the Civil code of the Russian Federation.

The contract, which is when the tolling scheme, are recorded, in particular:

- the name and volume of raw materials, which is transmitted from the customer to the processor;

- the name and characteristics of products that must be manufactured from raw materials;

- the time frame in which one side must supply the materials, and the other — to process them in the prescribed manner;

- the cost of processing and the order in which it is assumed the calculations of the parties;

- the mechanism of transportation of raw material and the results of its processing;

- the parameters characterizing the intensity of consumption of raw materials, establishing norms of technological losses, the level of production waste, the formation of the natural loss under tolling arrangements.

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Tolling scheme UPP

In the agreement, of course, can be recorded and other conditions. For example, the direct method of calculation of the parties (in cash or part of raw materials or finished products).

The Tolling scheme of relationships also involves the formation of a fairly large number of documents supplementing the Treaty under consideration. Consider their specifics in more detail.

Documents when the tolling scheme: application features

The First step in the implementation of the agreement, specifics of which we studied above, by supplying raw materials to the processor. Upon completion of this procedure often formed by special act, stating the name, amount and cost of raw materials in accordance with the contract. The information about the VAT in the document are not reflected because the schema of the tolling method of processing of raw materials does not involve the calculation of VAT by the customer, as well as the emergence of the right to deduct appropriate tax from the other side of the relationship.

Using the invoice

Another document, which may be issued upon the transfer of raw materials from the customer to the processor — invoice. However, she may also be accompanied by bill of lading or receipt. The relevant document is necessary to secure that the raw materials transferred by the customer it is for a tolling arrangement. It is recommended to record the invoice details of the agreement between the parties — the document number, the date of its publication.

The Flow of raw material is made mostly of stock processor. This procedure involves the use of primarily incoming orders — it also reflects the fact that the parties to the legal relationship involved tolling scheme the transmission and processing of raw materials.

The Next group of documents issued during the conduct of certain operations in the warehouse — such as, for example, transfer of raw materials to the production Department in order processing. Here can also be applied to different invoices.

After the finished products manufactured from raw materials, it can be temporarily placed onthe warehouse to prepare for shipment. The fact that the finished products have come to the appropriate organizational unit engaged in processing of raw materials, is also issued through the use of special invoice. In turn, when you release the products to the customer, there is a separate optimized invoice.

Reporting tolling schemes

The Following document that is issued in the framework of the legal relations between the customer and the recycler of raw material, — a report on the use of the corresponding resource. Its preparation required by the Civil code. This report reflects the name and volume:

- the raw material that was received and processed;

- finished products issued by the recycler;

- waste, which were formed in the proceedings.

Upon completion of the processing of raw material is issued an act of reception and transmission. It fixed the cost of the order for manufacturing of products by a recycler. Also the party of legal relations, issued the goods within this mechanism relationships as tolling scheme must provide the customer with a invoice.

Let us now Consider the tax aspects that characterize the reporting format of relations in the business.

Taxes when the tolling scheme

The Cost of those materials, which were obtained under a tolling scheme that does not increase the tax base of the company, which under contract performs the processing. However, if we are talking about implementation of services related to the production of articles from raw materials, the tax base is formed. It is calculated proceeding from cost of processing of raw material or materials, but excluding taxes.

the Tolling scheme of accounting

When the VAT is calculated at the rate of 18%. The sales tax on those materials and services that were paid in order to ensure the processing of raw materials, can be presented by the processor to the deduction.

The Income of the company that subcontracting is defined as the cost of the work under the contract. In turn, the cost of the processor is calculated based on the costs associated with the implementation of the program. The cost of raw materials is not taken into account.

The Accounting firm shall allocate the direct costs in the production of articles on the remains of unfinished production. Indirect costs are recorded directly in their implementation.

Journal entries

As we noted above, one of the most important aspects of such a mechanism is legal, as tolling scheme, — accounting of its operations. Consider in more detail what transactions may be operated.

In the implementation of the subcontracting processing, the following basic operations:

- receipt of a prepayment under the contract (reflected by the transaction the Debit 51, the Credit 62-2);

- the VAT amount received (Debit 76 Credit 68);

- a reflection of the value of the raw materials that are accepted at the warehouse (Debit 003, sub: “Warehouse”);

- write-off of raw materials in further processing (Credit 003);

- accounting of raw material transferred to the shop floor (Dt 003, sub: “Processing”);

- reflection of the costs related to the processing of raw materials (Dt 20 CT 02);

- the acceptance of finished products from the plant (Dt 002);

- write-off of the used raw materials (Kt 003, sub: “Processing”);

- write-off of costs associated with the processing (Dt 90-2, CT, 20);

- a reflection of income under the contract with the customer (Dt 62-1, CT 90-1);

- calculation of VAT based on the cost of processing of raw materials (Dt 90-3, CT 68);

the adoption of the VAT deduction (Dt 68, 76 Kt);

- implementation of the shipment of finished products to the customer (CT 002);

- the implementation of the offset payment (Dt 62-2, 62-1 CT);

- receipt of payment from the customer (Dt 51, CT 62-1).

In case the customers have multiple of the processor, the treatment in the tolling scheme is carried out using separate sheets for each counterparty, which are recorded information about received materials, and products formed after their processing.

Diagram tolling

What other nuances can characterize the accounting in the framework of the legal relations in question? Above, we noted that the scheme of raw material, zadejstvuja parties of legal relations, can be considered in the accounting registers of the processor, which is separated from the corresponding procedure that characterizes the standard release of the goods. Examine this nuance in more detail.

The Separate account and the subcontracting of normal production

Indeed, one of the most important aspects of the legal relationship is also the separate records of raw materials and finished products that characterize the relationship within the subcontracting and standard processes. What are its characteristics?

The Main difficulty of accounting, if it is operated as a tolling arrangement with a counterparty, and the standard in which the firm itself produces commodities, is the separation of accounting procedures for same type of products. If it is 2 different type of products, the solution of the problem becomes easier. But if these types of goods are the same, then keep records more difficult.

According to experts, the scheme of raw material must be accompanied by the involvement primarily of accounting mechanisms, different from those that characterize the standard release of the goods by the company. This problem difficult to resolve. One of thetools solutions may be the use of a variety of accounts.

So, the scheme of subcontracting production may consist of procedures reflected in the account 003 and the standard — with use of account 10. With regard to the accounting of finished products, it can be applied, respectively, account 002 and 43. This assumes that in the debit account 20 is fixed exclusively to the value of the enterprise. Tolling, in turn, is not factored into the costs. Account credit 20 must come from the cost of the finished products, while the correspondence will be established by the debit account 43 or 40. Correspondence in the case of processing will be charged 90-2, and the credit of account 20.

Diagram of raw material

The Tolling scheme of production, if we are talking about the manufacture of the same goods, involves the distribution of manufactured products in 2 categories — own and produced under the contract with the contractor on the basis of norms related to consumption of raw materials. Alternatively separate transactions on tolling and standard production. He suggests that tolling at holiday the shop will be debited from the account and 003 at the same time accounted for by the accountant on the balance sheet through transactions using debit and credit 10 76. Apply correspondence in the debit account 20 and credited to 20 — when the salvage value of materials in production, and also in the debit account and credit 43 20 — when posting the finished products.

Of Course, separate records in the tolling scheme may also be conducted on other principles, for example in accordance with the regulations, the recommendations of the departments, taking into account features of activity of a particular company.

Automation of accounting under subcontracting schemes: key decisions

We Reviewed the procedures describing the accounting under tolling schemes, in many cases, are implemented in large enterprises, and their implementation in the required amount can be very time consuming without the use of automation.

Quite a handy tool of the appropriate type may be, if an entity applies such a mechanism is legal, as tolling scheme, «1C: SCP”. It is supposed the involvement of the popular accounting program modification, adapted to account for the procedures in question. This solution has a very user-friendly interface, allowing consistently implement the required procedures.

the subcontracting scheme of the Treaty

Automation: the use of the program «1C”

If the task is to implement legal, which includes a tolling scheme, "SCP" suggests its solution in the framework of algorithms that can be applied to both the customer and processor. For example, if a firm reports a raw material for further issue to the counterparty, then the programme suggests a solution to the problem in several steps:

- the formation of the order to the supplier;

- transfer materials for further processing;

- registration of services provided by the recycler under contract.

The resultant “1C" allows you to keep records and to apply the necessary journal entries assuming the correct formation of the correspondence between them.


Article in other languages:

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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/b-znes/39487-daval-n-ckaya-shema---shto-geta-buhgaltarsk-l-k-aperacyy-pa-perapraco-.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/business/39008-daval-cheskaya-schema---was-ist-das-buchhaltung-der-operationen-nach-d.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/centro-de/38783-daval-cheskaya-esquema---que-es-esto-la-contabilidad-de-las-operacione.html

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JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/business/21592-tolling-scheme---what-is-it-accounting-of-transactions-on-commission-p.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/biznes/39883-daval-cheskaya-shemasy---b-l-ne-buhgalterl-k-esepke-alu-zh-n-ndeg-oper.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/biznes/41648-daval-cheskaya-schemat---co-to-jest-rachunkowo-operacji-w-daval-chesko.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/neg-cios/41283-daval-cheskaya-esquema---o-que-isso-contabilidade-de-opera-es-de-daval.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/business/36433-daval-cheskaya-d-zeni---ne-bu-muhasebe-i-lemleri-take-i-leme.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/b-znes/40346-daval-nic-ka-shema---scho-ce-buhgalters-kiy-obl-k-operac-y-z-daval-nic.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/business/22303-tolling-scheme---what-is-it-accounting-of-transactions-on-commission-p.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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