The irrigation system is a water supply to the fields. Irrigation

In agriculture, you can rely on the rain, hoping to get a good harvest, and the years do happen. However, in most cases the dry summer month may nullify all the efforts of the farmers, so this becomes the necessary irrigation system. This is the cornerstone of successful cultivation of food: grains, vegetables, fruits. Only thanks to the artificial irrigation of many areas, only conditionally suitable for agriculture, has turned into lush gardens. Irrigation has its own quirks and nuances, and they should understand.

What is irrigation

By Itself, the irrigation is part of a larger science, irrigation, that is, convert the land for better use. The reclamation includes draining the marshes, and the reverse process-the flooding. By and large, the irrigation system is a complex of structures and mechanisms to deliver water to a place that desperately needs additional watering.

In addition, irrigation is called the whole complex of measures designed to deliver water for irrigation in any location where it is needed, regardless of techniques — from the construction of ponds and canals to groundwater rise to the surface. Mankind has at all times been in need of water, so all you need is an irrigation system. The definition in this case is extremely simple — any system that can deliver water for watering plants, irrigation can be considered.

Evolution of irrigation systems

The Most primitive method of irrigation is manual labor without the use of mechanization. That is, if the water in the vessel is delivered from the natural source. Despite the development of technical thought, this method is still used, not only in the developing countries of Africa — many gardeners in our country still carry water in buckets to water the beds. It is work with extremely low efficiency, so people have always sought to mechanize the process. So there were all kinds of irrigation structures, irrigation ditches from Central Asia to the Roman aqueducts that still boggle the imagination with its thought-out technical skills.

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The delivery of water by gravity was possible not everywhere, and soon there were windmills and watermills, which could not only grind grain, but to raise water to send part of the flow contrary to gravity — up. At the moment, the use of pumps and pipelines made it possible to reduce human involvement to a minimum, because the modern irrigation system is primarily automated process.

Surface irrigation

Still popular, but very risky and unwise kind of irrigation is surface irrigation. If the supply of water to the fields is carried out on the surface of the earth, furrows, irrigation ditches and canals, significantly increases evaporation. It is not excluded some other negative phenomena.

Is used For surface irrigation a simple irrigation system. This flow-through ditches, furrows, in which water is directed from the center channel or other source. Also surface irrigation can be roughly classified Firth method of irrigation, when a hollow water delay on confined spaces similar to the water meadows.

Sprinkler installation

Closer to the natural phenomena of an irrigation system that uses sprinklers. Water from running along the field channels rises to the sprinkler system, which then disperses the moisture, simulating rain. In fact, it is moving along the channel of a large pump with a long tubular system to form cloud water droplets.

Compared to surface irrigation, this irrigation scheme less erodes the soil, sparing the landing and promotes uniform wetting of the soil to the desired depth. The disadvantages of this system include the high consumption of water for evaporation.

Drip tip

In conditions when it is necessary to save water, but there is an urgent need to grow food, more economical and reasonable is a drip irrigation system. Feature of drip irrigation is that water is not spilled on the surface. Can also be completely absent it open source.

The Water is drip-fed through the holes in the special irrigation sleeve, which is to be permanently laid along the row of plants. Thus it is possible to strictly water those plants that need attention. Aisle remain almost dry. Such irrigation is usually supplied by automatic systems, which includes watering at a certain time and disable unnecessary.

Root watering

Another interesting way to provide plants with moisture is the root watering, when carrying a stream of water is not located on the earth's surface and in depth, almost at the roots. Conditionally can be considered as basal watering events associated with the rise of the groundwater level that the plants receive moisture only to the place required. These two subspeciesthere is a significant difference: strip the root pipe is not suitable if you must irrigate fields large area. But raising the groundwater level is quite suitable and is able to turn a moderately dry area to harvest the land.

Positive and negative effects of irrigation

Unfortunately, irrigation not only brings positive aspects, but it has quite serious implications for the health of the soil, so thoughtless watering can only do harm. Land use should be considered in the long term, to the extent possible, to maintain and improve agricultural soil, it will give a good Foundation for the future. How can an ordinary field irrigation can harm?

It is worth to mention about the positive time. It irrigation makes it possible to substantially expand the area of land suitable for growing agricultural crops. The world becomes more food, and this is the good side of irrigation.

The negatives include such things as irrigation, soil erosion and rapid salinization of land, and is not an empty threat. That's why experts are constantly researching irrigation methods on the subject of the information, possible damages to a minimum. This also should include mindless spending of fresh water that in some areas more than wasteful. Surface irrigation compared to drip, unprofitable at times, it very quickly leads to soil erosion and salinization. If, however, the agriculture farmers and agricultural misuse of mineral fertilizers, which gives a short burst of productivity, the salinity becomes catastrophic rate.

The Development of the latest irrigation techniques - an investment in the future. Humanity has made substantial progress in this matter, but certainly have used even more. Hope remains that the predatory primitive agriculture and irrigation, sooner or later will leave in the past.