Howitzer "Hyacinth". Gun "Hyacinth-B": specifications and photos

Approximately in the 50-60-ies of the last century, the development of traditional tube artillery in the USSR almost stopped. Then the military doctrine prevailed the opinion that the future – for missiles. In such circumstances, developers normally have to exert much effort to convince the country's leadership of the need for further development of this branch of military equipment.

The Last straw was the situation in some “hot spots” of the time when the old Soviet howitzer was much worse last developments of the American gunsmiths. In that period, appeared howitzer "Hyacinth". Its creation marked the beginning of a new era in which the value of classic conventional artillery was not disputed. On its basis was created by the same self-propelled, which to this day are in service in many countries.

Basic technical information

The So-called towed gun of Soviet manufacture, the calibre of which is 152 mm. Respectively, is classified as heavy artillery. This technique is meant for the suppression and complete destruction of enemy infantry, artillery and combat enemy armored vehicles on the March, and also to destroy the fortified command posts and areas with a high concentration of enemy forces.

Like other similar Soviet equipment, howitzer "Hyacinth" can be successfully used in a wide range of weather and climatic conditions. Not to be unfounded, we give a concrete example. So, when tested, it showed good results when shooting in the conditions of the ambient air temperature of −50 °C to 50 °C. This instrument is armed forces of the Russian Federation and other countries formerly part of the USSR. In addition, the howitzer "Hyacinth" there is the army of Finland.

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Brief history

The Development of a new type of weapons began in 1968 in Perm. The developers from the very beginning was set a task: to make a new gun with characteristics that would surpass existing at that day analogues. From the beginning it was started the design of two types of installations. the first towed howitzer “Hyacinth 2А36”, the second model 2А37. The last gun was designed for mounting on self-propelled artillery of the same name.

Originally the chief designer was appointed a talented engineer Yu. N. Kalachnikov. It should be noted that the first samples shooting guns was shown in 1971-1972. Service with the Soviet army, it began to be delivered in 1976. Why was he selected such a small caliber gun "Hyacinth"? The 240 mm howitzer would be more effective in terms of combat power, that's just to transport such a monster would have to develop a special tractor.

The reasons for the popularity

Even today “obsolete” model 2А36 has excellent features that make the gun a formidable weapon. It has a great combat power, high mobility and reliability. It is possible without much trouble to transport by rail, water and by air. If the gun "Hyacinth" used an experienced commander, it can be successfully applied to virtually all conditions of modern warfare.

Details technical device

The Instrument is equipped with semi-automatic paddle-type hydro-pneumatic nachalnikom, which uses the recoil energy to return the barrel to its original position after making the shot. To facilitate the handling of heavy ammunition, a chain feed mechanism as the projectile, and expelling powder charge (projectiles separate loading).

To work directly with volleys of March (subject to posted wheels) used a pan with a powerful hydraulic Jack. The design of the gun provides a mechanism for two-speed vertical guidance. Directly tool is the gun, 152 mm, model 2А36. Along with a muzzle brake overall length of the barrel is 8197 mm.

Deployment

Produced gun called "Hyacinth" on a gun carriage with three frame than was very similar to the 122-mm towed howitzer D-30. Two of the three frame is made movable, so that the procedure of the unfolding of the battery on the ground is relatively simple. At the time this operation takes a maximum of two to three minutes. As the weight of the gun is relatively small (about ten tons), for its transportation it is possible to use standard army trucks.

What equipment do you use for towing?

Note that for this purpose can be used KrAZ-255B, KrAZ-260 (6x6) or a standard crawler tractors AT-T, ATC, ATS-59, at-S, MT-T, which are armed almost all the countries of the Warsaw Pact. Interestingly, when the carriage with the help of the tractor allowed the movement speed to 60 km/h This "Giatsint-B" differs from other towed howitzers, standing on the arms of our country and NATO.

Opposition to the return

Placement on the mast powerful tools made possible by the fact that was usedthe muzzle brake of special design, which allowed approximately two times to reduce impact. To facilitate the work of calculation, the design includes a chain feeder shells. On the top of the machine there is a light shield that protects service personnel from bullets and shrapnel. As for ballistic performance, they are almost the same as that of the howitzer ML-20.

It Should be noted that with the construction of a protective shield designers had a lot of trouble in his time. The fact that the initial test the soldiers noted the action of extremely strong muzzle blast. She not only raised a cloud of dust, completely damaskina the enemy, but could cause serious injury settlement. As a result of studying all of this information, the designers managed to create a rather compact but powerful shield, which in some cases were able to withstand machine-gun fire and artillery positions.

Recoil mechanism

As we already said, the design of the guns use muzzle brake slotted type. But it is not enough to level the strongest recoil when firing a 152-mm shell. To completely eliminate injury and increase calculation accuracy, the designers have provided a hydraulic brake and pneumatic lakatnik.

Unlike other domestic howitzers, the latter is filled with nitrogen. This inert gas allows more effectively to dampen out powerful projectiles.

Features of shells

It Should be noted that especially for "Giatsint-B” at the time, was developed special for the shots separately-tubular loader. This was due to the fact that the designers were set quite difficult tasks and tough conditions. They had to create a weapon with sufficient mobility and mobility with high combat power. In addition, the gun had to serve on more than three or four people.

So let's list all the main types of shells, which can use "Hyacinth". The howitzer in the photo that is in the article, shooting the following types of ammunition:

• Model ВОФ39. Standard shot construction includes high-explosive charge OF 29. The total weight is 46 kilograms, of which of 6.73 kg have a particularly powerful explosive, brand A-IX-2.
• Type ЗВОФ86. Interesting that design has an active-reactive shell model OF 59, with which you can confidently hit a target at distances up to 33.5 miles.
• I also developed special nuclear shell low power (of 0.1-2 kg). It should be noted that currently such ammunition is prohibited by a number of conventions. However, you still need to keep in mind that the howitzer "Hyacinth" which characteristic is given in the article, can fire such ammunition. This makes it a very formidable weapon among the variety of conventional artillery.
• Shot of a cassette of the type 3O-13. Can oneself shrapnel shrapnel, at the moment there are cluster munitions, which are self-suggestive to the purpose submunitions. High combat characteristics are achieved through the use of modern sensors goal. More recently developed shells, which can be used to create active interference, prevent targeting of enemy artillery on a target.
• There is also a anti-tank shaped charge shot (shooting only direct fire), and smoke shells.

Military use

Practical exploitation in Afghanistan showed that one minute prepared and trained account can produce about five to six shots. In General, the feedback of the military about this weapon very flattering: power and ballistic missiles could guarantee to destroy almost any strength of the enemy.

Note that in those circumstances the gunners had a very hard time, as the visual control of goal almost never happened, and the changeable mountain weather greatly complicated even direct fire. At the same time "Hyacinth" deserve our military recognition, thanks to its high reliability even after a few dozen shots fired at the same time, guns were ready for further battle.

Note that the 152 mm howitzer "Hyacinth" is quite actively used by our troops in both Chechen campaigns. The combat power of this weapon has rendered a good service, as with its help it was possible without much difficulty to destroy the position of the militants, even if they were anchored in massive concrete buildings. A few volleys of direct fire – and the Bunkers were only the mountain of building rubble.

Dimensions tools

The Gun has very impressive dimensions: its length is almost 13 meters in the stowed position, in combat, the figure is slightly smaller - approximately 12.5 m. the trunk height in the stowed position is 2760 millimeters. Ground clearance axle chassis - 475 millimeters. Stroke width - 2340 mm. The diameter of each of the four wheels is equal to 1080 mm, tyre width and 300 millimeters.

Working pressure in the tires should be maintained at4.8 kgf/cm², the springs is equal to approximately 150 mm. howitzer Weighs "Giatsint-B” about 9800 pounds. Maximum range of fire high-explosive shells is 28.5 miles. At what distance can you shoot "Hyacinth"? Howitzer, firing range which in normal conditions is up to 25-28 thousand meters, in the case of the use of modern rockets can fire to a distance of 41 kilometers.

All of this suggests that the gun, which began to develop in the 60-ies of the last century until now has impressive battlefield effectiveness.

Some versions of

The High combat power and efficiency (self-propelled howitzer "Hyacinth" nicknamed “Genocide”) has contributed to many ventures in the Soviet Union began to propose modifications of such a useful weapon. One of the options was the index of BK. The letter “K” stands for bag-type loader. In principle, this approach was expected: the presence in the construction of a 152-millimeter shell casings brass greatly increases its value.

In addition, it produced a certain amount of 155-millimeter "Hyacinth", intended for export to the country has used artillery shells NATO standard.