Air conditioning and ventilation, heating air

For normal existence of human life, you must create and maintain certain environmental parameters, including air. The temperature change, the accumulation of harmful impurities in it is significantly affect the well-being of people and their health. To maintain the desired characteristics of the air in the room is used a special equipment.

Requirements for the aerial environment

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning perform the function of maintaining comfortable and safe conditions of temperature, humidity and concentration of harmful emissions.

According to the sanitary and hygienic standards favorable for human habitation shall be considered as characteristics of the air environment:

• Temperature range of 18 to 22 °C, the permitted variations in the summer period the range of 20–28 °C, and in winter and transition to 22 °C;
• Relative humidity of 30-60% is considered acceptable in the cold period of the upper limit is reduced to 45%.

For the destruction of the gas envelope around a person also matter, and air movement. Supported room temperature 20–25 °C it is recommended to adhere to values of air speed 0,2-0,3 m/s, for heavy-duty applications, this parameter may reach 0.6 m/s For different areas and premises are subject to different ventilation and air conditioning. SNiP and other relevant regulations describe the required parameters and device systems in each case.

Types of ventilation systems

There is a definite division of types of systems of maintenance of microclimate in the room. Air conditioning and ventilation air can be several types of equipment depending on the goals and the means to be used:

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• According to the method of bringing air in motion are divided into gravitational (natural) and systems with mechanical drive (artificial);
• Depending on purpose – to supply air and mixed exhaust;
• Ventilation system can be as General, and local (zonal);
• The execution can be classified into ducting and ductless.

In gravitational systems do not use fans or other mechanical means and air movement is achieved by the difference in the pressure of the air column.

Local ventilation is used for air supply in certain areas and fence him out. Most often it is the place where the pollution technology or other selections. Local ventilation type also applies the umbrella over the kitchen stove. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning can be run as separate systems, and one equipment.

Types of systems of indoor climate

Air Conditioning is to maintain desired environmental parameters in enclosed spaces. Sometimes mistakenly referred to this concept only cooling.

Gradation of air conditioning systems is extensive, but the main difference is that, for what maintain the necessary air parameters. In this case they are divided into two large classes:

• Comfortable & ndash; characteristics of the air environment is created and maintained to stay in the premises;
• Technology whose main purpose – providing temperature, speed and humidity of air required for operation of equipment or production.

In residential, commercial, office and public spaces use comfortable air-conditioning and ventilation of air. To do this, use household, industrial and semi-industrial air conditioners.

Heating of air

Heating-heating to return heat in them, lost in the cold period through the outer enclosures to maintain a comfortable temperature and ensure production technology. For different purposes use various types of heating devices and systems. It can be steam, water, infrared, electric and air heating.

Air-Conditioning and ventilation air are often combined with heating in one system. An example of this – the air in which the air mechanical systems is collected, heated and distributed back. This design can also be equipped with coolers and mix with the fresh air. Housing often use water, steam, electric and infrared systems.

Industrial ventilation and air conditioning

To create the parameters needed in production, used technology, industrial ventilation, and air conditioning. They mainly used the equipment of increased capacity, designed to handle large volumes of air. This is true for plants, production lines, workshops, where essential to product quality are the environment parameters.

This class also includes:

• Aspiration system in wood industry;
• Intake and exhaust system of clean rooms(electronic, pharmaceutical and other industries).

Sometimes industrial air conditioning and ventilation include systems installed in large rooms, supermarkets and shopping centres, although in these cases they are used mainly for comfort.

Installation Requirements

The Foundation of correct work of all systems of engineering support of buildings, besides the quality of equipment is also the professional installation and commissioning. This largely depends on the skills and education of technical staff. The assembler of systems of ventilation, air-conditioning and heating must have knowledge of the nuances of the work, the equipment and safety rules.

Regardless of the class of premises and to assign the organization system of microclimate begins with the development of the project. It professionals need to calculate all the parameters of the equipment, the number and types of components, the phases of the installation. After that, it becomes possible to calculate the cost of the project and the beginning of the installation system.

From the coordinated work of specialists at all stages of production affect the continued operation of systems of ventilation, heating and air conditioning system without contingencies.