Sayan: height. Mountains Sayan and Altai: what above?

Sayan-mountain belt of Siberia. They are divided into two systems: Western and Eastern. However, they are perpendicular to each other. According to scientists, the Sayan mountains are young mountains, which is not more than 400 million years. Some of the rocks from which they are formed, volcanic origin. As a result of the inspection of the site and conducted excavations there were suggestions that this was once the ocean. This is evidenced by fossilized algae in the rocks.

Mountains of Russia – Sayan

The climate in the mountains have formed several million years ago and still has not changed. When the world “rules” ice age, Sayan was completely covered with snow. Next to them were formed small valleys and slopes, usually due to falling debris. Once started global warming, glaciers, thaw, contributed to the formation of various lakes.

Sayan where are we? The Eastern part reaches the southern coast of lake Baikal. Mountains are a zone of orogeny, which is called Central Asian. This geological material is considered to be the oldest in Russia. These mountains are in no way inferior to the Alps, neither in beauty nor in size nor in height.

To this day several peaks of the mountains are of glacial coverage. There are the snowfields, which represent accumulations of snow of different sizes in places which do not get sunlight.

The Sayan Mountains on the map of Russia you can see if you look at the South of Siberia. They are located on the territory of the Federation and Mongolia. In fact Sayan mountains – two connecting mountain systems, with different terrain and has a distinct border line. The point of intersection of the Central Sayan.

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Western Sayan

What this mountain belt high? Sayan mountains in the West rise to 3 thousand meters. Length-650 km, Neighbour to the South-West is the Altai. The ridges of the mountain are quite steep slopes, rugged terrain, a large concentration of stones.

The Western ridges are elongated in a vertical position. In the South-West ridge is called Salgar in the center – Saylyg-Khem-Taiga zone near the coast of the Yenisei named Sayan.

Affects the variety of terrain slopes height. Sayan mountains near the border of the forest generates high Alpine terrain. Its typical characteristics are low and steep slopes, Carr with a deep bottom.

The middle-Mountain relief predominates in the South and the North. The ridges are flat, flat. Also a lot of mountains around the river valleys, which are already overgrown with forest.

The Winter is frosty, spring comes late. Snowmelt occurs, usually in late may. Summer does not last long, blowing a lot of cold winds. Often observed loss of snow in July and August. September has a lot of earthquakes.

Cavities are cooled faster, so the mountains often have a higher temperature than depression.

Eastern Sayan

What's in the East height? Sayan mountains there reach 3491 m. This system of mountains stretches through southern Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk oblast, Buryatia and Tuva.

The Eastern Sayan mountains begins near the Yenisei river and ends at the shores of lake Baikal. A mountain system located in the extremely continental climatic zone. Winters are constantly cold and long and summers – short and cold. In January the minimum temperature is -25 ^OIn July   +12 ^OC. On each slope drops a different amount of precipitation (300 mm to 800 mm per year).

Near the mountains there are glaciers and rivers. Lakes formed by melting ice. Near the Tunka bald mountains discovered a large concentration of minerals.

For the protection of the environment has created parks and reserves located near the mountains.

Flora and fauna

The Sayan Mountains, a photo of which is widely presented in the article, rich in forests, the dominant trees in spruce, cedar, fir. They are located at an altitude of 1500 m. Often found in hardwood-pine planting.

The Climate is harsh and dominated by cold winters, strong winds and cool summers. The terrain is usually rugged, however, in some places levelled, covered with tundra. In places where there is enough moisture, there are grasslands and small shrubs grow.

Here grow the berries: raspberries, currants, strawberries, strawberries and more.

Of the animals common to see wolves, bears, moose, squirrels, rabbits. Woodpeckers, grouse, grouse, jays – all these birds are found in the forests located on slopes.

River and tourism

The Sayan-mountains map which fully shows their splendour attracts tourists. Since the system captures almost the whole of Siberia, it is difficult not to notice. That is why it is often visited by climbers from different countries. The most attractive places (besides the mountains) are small streams, lakes and waterfalls. In these parts wildlife, which suffered enough by the hands of man. There are also nature reserves.

The Sayan Mountains (photo below) is rich in rivers. They have a mixed diet with predominance of snow and rain. They all belong to the basin ofOf the Yenisei, and their origins are Large and Small Yenisei. The most striking and beautiful river can be called Biy-Khem. Its length is 600 km Due to its picturesque scenery, it is the most visited and popular in these parts.

Altai mountains

One of the most beautiful mountain ranges of the Altai are considered. This system, which are quite high peaks separated by rivers and basins. What's her height? Sayan mountains and Altai is not much different from each other, but the height are different. What do you think of the massif above - the Altai or Sayan? Talk about that a little later.

Topography and geological feature

Relief, which characterizes the Altai, rare in mountain systems. It's easy to find slides and landslides, ridges and hills, cars and karlingi, peaks and valleys and basins.

Scientists say that the Altai mountains were formed in the Caledonian age. As well as in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras experienced a second rise. Several centuries ago, the bottom of the mountains has been squeezed by natural causes, therefore, was the formation of a mountainous country.

What mountains above: Sayan or Altai?

Western Sayan mountains, stretches for 600 km. Its total height - 3976 m Peak is Mongun-Taiga. Eastern Sayan mountains takes much more space, its width reaches up to 1 thousand km, and height – 3491 m. the Main mountain is Munku-Sardyk.

The Main ridge of the Western Sayan mountains is the watershed of the Sayan ridge. Its highest point is considered to be the top of Kyzyl-Taiga, which reaches a height of 3121.

Connecting, all the Sayan mountains form a giant complex of «white-mountains” and “proteins". In certain places there are “nodes”, their centers are enormous (the altitude of 2982 meters) and Munku-Sardyk.

Mount Belukha-the peak of the Mountain Altai. Here is the beginning of the Katun river. The name was formed due to the fact that the mountain is permanently covered with snow: from the beginning to the end. Border of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan it passes through the Belukha massif.

The whale is located on the Katunsky mountain range. The mountain is 4509 km it is concentrated more than half of the glaciers of this mountain range. This means that virtually the whole mountain is covered with ice. The winter is cold, summer is short and rainy. In January temperatures can reach -48 ^OIn March it rises to -5 ^OC.

The Altai is a little above the Sayan mountain range. This is evidenced by the characteristics of both mountain systems and their Central vertices.