Space… One word, and many fascinating paintings rises before my eyes! Myriad galaxies scattered throughout the Universe, distant and at the same time infinitely close and dear milky way, the constellations of the Big and little Bears, peacefully situated in the vast sky… the List is endless. In this article we will look at the history of space exploration and some interesting facts.
In the far-distant ancient times, people could not observe the planets and comets through the telescopes of the type "Hubble". The only devices in order to admire the beauty of the sky and to do space research, was their own eyes. Of course, nothing but the Sun, moon and stars, human “telescope” could not see (except the comet in 1812). Therefore, people could only guess about how to actually look these yellow and white balls in the sky. But then the population of the globe was different care, so I quickly noticed that these two circles move across the sky, disappearing over the horizon, then re-appearing. And they found that not all stars behave the same way: some part of them remains stationary and the other changes its position along a complex path. Hence began the great exploration of outer space and what lurks in it.
Special success in this direction has been achieved by the ancient Greeks. They first discovered that our planet is spherical in shape. Their opinions about the location of the Earth relative to the Sun divided: some scientists believed that the earth revolves around the sun, the moon, others thought the opposite (were supporters of the geocentric system of the world). A common opinion of the ancient Greeks never came. All their labors and space research was recorded on paper and framed in a scientific work called “al”. Its author and compiler is a great ancient scientist Ptolemy.
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Nicolaus Copernicus – who has not heard of this name? It was in the 15th century destroyed the theory of a geocentric system of the world and put forward his heliocentric, which claimed that the earth revolves around the Sun and not Vice versa. Medieval Inquisition and the Church, unfortunately, was not asleep. Such speech they immediately declared heretical, as the followers of the Copernican theory were severely persecuted. One of its supporters, Giordano Bruno, was burned at the stake. His name remained for centuries, and still we remember about the great scientist with respect and gratitude.
After these events, the attention of scientists for astronomy has only grown. Space research has become more and more exciting. Barely started the 17th century, there was a new major discovery: the researcher Kepler found that the orbits in which planets revolve around the Sun, not circular as previously thought, but elliptical. Thanks to this event, in science there have been major changes. In particular, Isaac Newton discovered the mechanics and was able to describe the patterns that move the body.
Today we know that all the planets in the Solar system eight. Until 2006, their number was nine, but after the most recent, and remote from the heat and light the planet – Pluto – excluded from the number of bodies orbiting our heavenly bodies. It happened because of his small size – size of Russia alone is already more than the entire Pluton. He was awarded the status of a dwarf planet.
Until the 17th century people believed that only the Solar system planets five. Telescopes did not yet exist, so they are judged only on those celestial bodies, which could see with their own eyes. Then Saturn with its ice rings, scientists have to see are unable. I guess we still be wrong, if not for Galileo Galilei. It was he who invented the telescope helped scientists to do research of other planets and see other celestial bodies in the Solar system. Through the telescope it became known about the existence of mountains and craters on the moon, satellites of Jupiter, Saturn, Mars. All the same, Galileo Galilei had discovered spots on the Sun. Science is not just developed, she flew forward with great strides. And by the early twentieth century, scientists already knew enough to build the first space ship and go conquer the starry expanses.
Soviet scientists have conducted considerable space research and has made great progress in the study of astronomy and the development of shipbuilding. However, since the early 20th century it has been more than 50 years before the first satellites went to conquer the vastness of the Universe. It happened in 1957. The device was launched in the USSR from the Baikonur cosmodrome. The first satellites are not chasing high scores – their goal was to reach the moon. The first device for space exploration landed on the lunar surface in 1959. Andalso in the 20th century was opened the Institute of space research, which developed serious scientific work were open.
Shortly launch satellites became commonplace, and yet only one mission to land on another planet ended successfully. We are talking about the project “Apollo”, in which several times, according to the official version, was made to landing Americans on the moon.
1961 was memorable in the history of space exploration. But even earlier, in 1960, visited the two dogs, nicknames, whom the whole world knows: Belka and Strelka. They came back from space unharmed, famous and becoming true heroes.
And on 12 April of the following year to surf the Universe went to Yuri Gagarin-the first man who dared to leave Earth on the spaceship “Vostok-1”.
The United States was unwilling to concede Soviet superiority in the space race, so I wanted to send a man into space before Gagarin. The United States lost and launch satellites: Russia managed to launch the device four months before America. In the vacuum of space have already visited these conquerors of space, as Valentina Tereshkova and Alexei Leonov. Latest first in the world made a spacewalk, and the most significant achievement of the United States in the development of the Universe was only removing the astronaut in orbital flight.
But, despite the significant successes of the USSR in the “space race”, America, too, was no slouch. And on July 16, 1969, the spacecraft «Apollo 11" on Board of which were the conquerors of space in the amount of five specialists, was launched to the moon's surface. Five days later, the first man stepped on the surface of the satellite. His name was Neil Armstrong.
After all, Who won the moon race? This question has no exact answer. Both the USSR and the USA showed their best side: they modernized and improved technical developments in the shipbuilding space, made many new discoveries, took precious samples from the moon's surface that were sent to the Institute of space research. Thanks to them, it was found that the satellite of the Earth consists of sand and stone, and also the fact that the moon has no air. The footprints Neil Armstrong left more than forty years ago on the lunar surface, and remained there. Their simply is nothing to erase: our companion is deprived of air, no wind, no water. And if you go to the moon, you can leave your mark in history – both literally and figuratively.
The History of mankind is rich and extensive, it includes many great discoveries, wars, Grand victories and devastating defeats. The exploration of outer space and modern space exploration is rightly not the last place in the pages of history. But none of this would be, don't be such brave and selfless people like Herman Titov, Nikolai Copernicus, Yuri Gagarin, Sergei Korolev, Galileo Galilei, Giordano Bruno, and many others. All these great men were distinguished by great intelligence, developed skills to the study of physics and mathematics, a strong character and an iron will. We have much to learn from them, we can learn from these scientists an invaluable experience and positive qualities and traits. If humanity is to try to be like them, read a lot, to train, to successfully learn in school and University, then it is safe to say that we still have a lot of great discoveries, and deep space will soon be investigated. And, as is sung in one famous song, on the dusty paths of far planets remain our footprints.
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ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/9579-space-exploration-space-explorers-scientists-open.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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