In higher education the concept of “induction” and “deductions” is often used and rarely explained. So many people habitually use them, talking in the exam about the methods of a particular science (depending on subject). But if such a cheerful meeting to ask for examples, many are lost. Especially hard to say to them, what is the difference between induction and deduction. This is a traditional question to many stretched the ticket number one.
Risky insight
Induction-is a method of knowledge, when many special cases of the conclusion about General patterns. So did his discoveries Newton, Mendel, Tesla. Induction – this is a productive method, however, is very risky. For example, never having seen black swans, we can assume that all swans – white. That is, when working with induction you need to be careful and always remember the ‘black Swan”.
Reasoning detective No. 1
And Another thing – deduction. It is working with already established patterns. Many of you will recognize this word in the books about Sherlock Holmes. Sometimes it is possible to meet opinion that it actually worked by induction. And yet the science of deduction, Watson taught, lives up to its name. Before proceeding to the investigation of the crime, Holmes carefully studied forensic anatomy, the color of the sand in different regions of London reports. That is, he became acquainted with General laws. And then, seeing concrete evidence connected them with the General provisions. That is, he did not set a new “theory” at the stage of investigation, he from his knowledge common to the specific. So, the induction in his work, too, but at the stage of General training yourself as an expert. And when faced with a crime, Holmes used deduction.
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A simple example
But what is a deduction? This reasoning from the General to the particular. Since the school each of us remembers about the qualitative reactions to determine the presence of a substance in a test tube. What's the deduction? An example of qualitative reactions, when the student has knowledge about what, for example, must be “silver mirror" of the if in vitro is the aldehydes, is an example of General knowledge. And the student film characteristic color sees! The private - fact. Using deduction, the student draws a conclusion – the aldehyde in a test tube.
The Discoverer and the user
That is, induction and deduction – this is not just reasoning, is a means of obtaining new knowledge. If we are talking about the chemist who discovered silver mirror reaction, establishing that it is so possible to calculate the aldehyde - inductive reasoning. But for the student of knowledge on what is vitro - established deductive knowledge.
The Deduction is often accused of uselessness, well, it helps you to install new about the world. In fact, without it is impossible to explore the world, because usually, a scientist at the opening of the account and the already known patterns, i.e., uses both deduction and induction. Our thinking is very difficult, and requires various operations to understand everything correctly. After all, the world is not easy, so we have to complicate the model of his understanding.
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ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/3797-deduction-is-the-method-of-sherlock-holmes-not-quite.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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