Conducting system of the heart: structure, function and anatomical-physiological features

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2018-07-25 04:00:21

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An Important feature of cardiac muscle is the automaticity of contractions. The heart, which is based on the sequential contractions and relaxation of muscular tissue of the Atria and ventricles, conduction is governed by nerve impulses cell structure with a complex structure.

conducting system of the heart

Conducting system of the heart is the most important mechanism to ensure the functioning of the human body, consisting of a pulse generator (pacemaker) and some complex structures intended for the innervation of the cycles of the myocardium. Consisting of cellular structures, which is based on the work of R-cells and T-cells, it is intended to initiate a heartbeat and coordinate contraction of the heart chambers. The first type of cells has an important physiological function of automatie – the ability to rhythmic contraction without an explicit regard to the impact of any external stimuli.

T cells, in turn, have the ability to transmit the contractile impulse generated by P-cells to the myocardium, which ensures its smooth operation. Thus, the conducting system of the heart physiology which is based on the smooth interaction of these two groups of cells is a common biological mechanism within the structural heart device.

the conducting system of human heart

Conducting system of the heart consists of several functional components: the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and the bundle branch block with right and left legs, ending with the Purkinje fibers. Sinoatrial (sinus) node located in the right atrium, is a small mass of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape. In this component, which starts conducting system of the heart, originate nerve impulses, causing a contractile response of the heart. Normal automaticity sinoatrial node is considered to be from fifty to eighty pulses per minute.

Atrioventricular component located below the endocardium in the posterior segment of the septal, performs an important function by delaying, filtering, and redistribution of incoming pulses generated and sent by the sinoatrial node. Conducting system of the heart performs regulatory and control functions, assigned to it a structural component – atrioventricular node.

 Conducting system of the heart. Physiology

The Need for such functions due to the fact that the wave of nerve impulses, instantly spreading through the system of the Atria and causing them to return the contractile response, immediately to enter the ventricles of the heart are not able to, because the myocardium of the Atria separated from the ventricles by fibrous tissue that does not transmit nerve impulses. And only in the region of the atrioventricular node, such an insuperable barrier was missing. This causes the wave pulse to find a way to aspire to this important component, where it is their uniform distribution over the entire cardiac apparatus.

Conducting system of the heart also contains in its structure a bundle branch block that connects atrial and ventricular myocardium and Purkinje fibers, which form synapses on cardiomiotitah cells and providing the necessary pairing of muscle contraction and nerve excitation. Essentially these fibers are the final branching of the bundle branch block that is attached to the upper subendocardialnah plexus of the ventricles of the heart.


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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/zdaro-e/17841-yakaya-pravodz-c-s-stema-serca-budova-funkcy-anatama-f-z-yalag-chnyya-.html

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UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/zdorov-ya/17831-prov-dna-sistema-sercya-budova-funkc-ta-anatomo-f-z-olog-chn-osoblivos.html

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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