Many people are interested in what trimester of pregnancy is carried out biochemical analysis and ultrasound? 2 trimester of pregnancy do a comprehensive inspection, without exception, all women. It is necessary to determine the positive or negative answer regarding the data previously obtained, and when the symptoms appeared, in which are shown the ultrasound.
To Do an ultrasound (2nd trimester) only under certain rules of preparation for the procedure. Decoding of the received data is held in accordance with the same principles as in the first survey.
The Second screening when carrying a baby involves two stages:
The Research is conducted according to the same indications as in the first trimester:
The rules of ultrasound 2 trimester of pregnancy makes it possible to ascertain the proportion of skeletal development of the child, to identify the condition of the ventricles of the brain, cerebellum, spinal cord and facial structures. In particular the attention on the nose, lips, eye sockets, the Atria of the heart, large vessels, kidneys, bladder and the digestive tract.
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Ultrasound Protocol 2 trimester of pregnancy involves marking:
Fotometria is the measurement of the size of the fetus. It includes:
Decrypt ultrasound 2 trimester of pregnancy gives you the opportunity to establish its compliance with the development gestational age, assess fetal growth, confirm duration of pregnancy, identify the gap of development and the presence of pathologies.
Intrauterine growth retardation can be worn symmetrical and asymmetrical form. In the first case the development is proportional and ultrasound all indicators indicate the gap from the norm this pregnancy.
Asymmetric characteristics are as follows:
Depending on the obtained results, we can distinguish three degrees of lag:
Cross-sectional head:
Assessment of the brain:
The Identification of indirect signs of down's syndrome:
Facial structure
When abnormalities of the spine noted the presence of splitting in this region. It is combined with abnormal development of the spinal cord. This is a very dangerous disease.
Conducted a scan of the chest. This assumes the exception and pericardial pleural effusion normal in the pericardial cavity strip of liquid is not more than 2mm. indicates the level of maturity of the lungs - every correctly developing lung occupies one-third of the cross section. There are three degrees:
Determines the state of the heart (the presence of four-chambered structure with no abnormalities) and the main vessels. Also evaluated the stomach, liver, intestines, kidneys, bladder, and diaphragm.
The Study subject and bodies of a temporary nature. These include the placenta, umbilical cord and the amount of amniotic fluid. The holding in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, ultrasound gives the opportunity to determine the position of the placenta in relation to internal fix of the uterine cervix.
If it was attached at a distance of 5.5 cm from the internal OS, talking about low placentation, and if it covers internal sevo fully or partially, then it is evidence of placenta previa.
However, during the third trimester, she can move and rise above, therefore, shows the required ultrasound from 27 to 28 week.
The Thickness of the placenta increases depending on gestational age and is estimated at the place of attachment of the umbilical cord. If the amount of thickness greater than 4.5 cm, this indicates the presence of hydrocephalus in the embryo, rhesus conflict, the process of an infectious nature or the presence of diabetes.
The Degree of maturity of the placenta:
Rastsenivaya amniotic fluid allows you to set their number. A raised or lowered level triggers the infection of the fetus in the womb, contributes to the emergence of various pathologies.
To determine the amount of amniotic fluid does amniotic fluid index. If it is less than 2 cm, then talk about reduced content, and more than 8 cm on high.
When evaluating the umbilical cord counts the number of blood vessels. It normally contains one vein and a couple of arteries. Also indicated by the presence of the umbilical cord loops and entanglement around the neck of the embryo.
Ultrasound Protocol of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy contains information about the state of the uterus. Refers to the level of its voltage. With hypertonicity of the walls, the presence of pain and discharge of blood of the diagnosis of the presentation.
The Uterine wall are considered from the perspective of the presence of cancer tumors (myoma). Also there is a tendency of their growth and location relative to the embryo and the placenta. In the case of surgery on the uterus is evaluated as a scar.
To identify the isthmic-cervical insufficiency, the condition of uterine cervix is estimated measure of its length and the patency of the cervical canal. The normal size of the cervix should not be less than 35 mm When shortening up to 30 mm in women bearing their first child and up to 20 mm in the second pregnancy, it is possible to judge isthmic-cervicales failure.
Ultrasound (2nd trimester) does not require special training. The intestine, despite the presence of gases, otdihaet ago enlarged uterus. A full bladder is replaced with amniotic fluid.
But before taking a blood sample requires some preparation. The day before the procedure, the pregnant woman should not eat any chocolate, cocoa and roasted foods. In addition, before the blood should not eat for 4-6 hours. You can only drink water for 4 hours, but not sparkling and not more than 150 ml.
It Should be noted that screening in the third trimester does not require any training.
The Scan time of the second trimester 16-20 weeks. This condition is very important to determine the correct level of hormones in the blood. The timing of ultrasound examination in second trimester coincides with the biochemical analysis of blood. Ultrasound is done first and the obtained results, the woman is sent for a blood test.
The Second screening it is better to go 17 weeks pregnant or during the week prior to this date.
Many people wonder where to do an ultrasound 2 trimester of pregnancy? This procedure is carried out in the district clinics, gynecological and perinatal centers. The transcript of the testimony of doctors do-osity.
A Study of pregnant women includes a number of specific manipulations.
Ultrasound examination is carried out only transabdominal, that is on the skin of the abdomen. To this end, the woman lay down on the couch, opening the stomach. The surface of the belly smeared with gel. The doctor moves the sensor on the front wall. Pain or any discomfort the procedure causes.
And how is biochemical analysis? A pregnant woman comes to the lab on an empty stomach. Blood is taken from a vein in the amount of several milliliters. In the lab the woman provides the results of ultrasound and fills in the questionnaire. The obtained data are processed by the program. The results will only be ready after 14 days.
Decoding requires a number of indicators, each of which has its own norm. The result of biochemical screening involves determining the level of these hormones:
The Results of the second survey will depend on the duration of pregnancy. They are assessed in accordance with the value of IOM. This is an average figure that is calculated based on the age, body weight of the pregnant woman and the area in which she lives. Indicators diagnostiki divided by the value obtained in the study in a large sample of women of the same age living in the same region.
If the hormone is in the range of 0.5-2.5 Mω, it is considered a normal rate. If the figure is less than this index, or Vice versa above, in this case shown expert advice.
Transcript of diagnosis of the second trimester is the designation of the level of risk in the field of a particular disease. It is designated as a fraction. High risk index of 1:250 or 1:360 for any kind of pathology. So revealed down syndrome, neural tube defects, Edwards, Patau. This requires genetic counseling. With the figure of 1:100 can be offered invasive testing, which involves the detection of suspected pathologies by a set of chromosomes of the embryo.
Some defects can manifest much later and will appear only at the second screening period 16-20 weeks (2nd trimester). Ultrasound in a given period takes into account this feature. In case of negative results of the second screening are advised to seek the advice of a genetics.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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