Mastocytoma in dogs (technoclone tumor in dogs). What is this disease? Causes, treatment, prognosis

Mastocytoma is a neoplasm affecting the skin of the animal, which is formed by fat cells. Mastocytoma in dogs - a fairly common disease and accounts for 22-25% of all skin diseases. Most often the disease affects four-legged friend nine years of age, but may appear at an earlier age.

Technollama tumor in dogs

Does Not matter what gender the animal: tumors can develop both in males and females. However, according to specialists, some breeds are most often susceptible to illness and are at risk. These include Labradors, boxers, bulldogs, Boston Terriers, setters, pit bulls and Shar-Pei that suffer from this illness the rest of the bowl.

Mastocytoma in dogs is technoclone tumor of the skin. If there are multiple clusters of such tumours, the disease is called mastocytosis. Tumors are formed from the modified mast.

Mast cells, or mast - cells of the immune system that are involved in the formation of adaptive immunity and are found in connective tissues. They contain special granules composed of heparin, histamine, neutral proteases and interleukins, which trigger defense mechanisms aimed at protecting the organism from external and internal stimuli.

How and why disease develops

Mast cells are located mainly under the skin near lymph nodes and blood vessels. With constant exposure of negative factors fat cells, and modified forms mastocytoma in dogs, the causes of which are not fully understood.

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Experts believe that the cause of the disease is mutation of the oncogene, which is involved in hematopoiesis and growth of fat cells. Modification of this gene can cause cancer.

How to behave in the tumor, depends on two factors:

1. Local and systemic effects on animals and vasoactive substances released from mast.
2. The ability of tumors to metastasize and affect the cancer cells internal organs.

Local reaction to the released vasoactive substances can be different: swelling, ulcer, erythema at the site of the lesion.

Systemic reactions include ulcerative disease of the stomach, perforation of the walls of the stomach and intestines, which can develop peritonitis.

Often mastocytoma in dogs develops systematically, when fat cells are distributed in many internal organs: spleen, liver, bone marrow and other. In this case, the disease develops into the mastocytosis.

Classification mastocytoma

Mastocytoma can be of several types:

1. Solitary individual - differ slow growth.
2. Single tumors, metastatic to the lymph nodes.
3. Multiple tumors.
4. Technoclone leukemia or mastocytosis.

A Feature of mastocytoma is that they can occur with both symptomatic and asymptomatic.

It is Customary to distinguish three stages technoclone tumors in dogs:

1. At the first degree of the tumors formed in the skin and are benign in nature. They can be large and difficult to operate, but there is no risk of spread to other organs and parts of the body.
2. At the second stage, the tumors formed in the subcutaneous layer. We also see some signs of malignancy, so it is unknown how cells react to treatment.
3. In the third degree affects the deep subcutaneous areas. This mastocytoma quite aggressive and requires a special approach in treatment.

Appearance mastocytoma

Mastocytoma in dogs is often characterized as an imitator, because it can take different shapes, and imitate any skin diseases. Tumors can look like common warts and how moist dermatitis, to identify a dangerous disease is quite difficult, and sometimes impossible without special investigations.

Symptoms of disease

Half of the cases technoclone the tumor affects the skin on the dog's body, but it can appear on the head, neck and face. Sometimes the disease is manifested in the throat, the digestive organs or the nose. Due to the fact that mastocytoma difficult to diagnose, often vets put a false diagnosis and prescribe the wrong treatment. Any new formation must be thoroughly investigated.

Most Often mastocytoma have the form of small nodules, which induce itching. The dog begins to comb and formation of red and inflamed. In the area of the tumor observed hair loss. When touching the tumor, the animal shows anxiety, because they are quite painful. Develops mastocytoma and fast and slow.

How to diagnose cancer

Specific manifestations that characterize tumors, there is little, however, they are easy to diagnose with a biopsy. For a sampling of material using a thin needle, so the dog doesn't feel pain. Withdrawn materials are sent to the laboratory for thorough study.

The Cells that comprise mastocytoma, large and round. Theycontain substances that can cause vomiting, stomach ulcers, shock and lead to death.

Mastocytoma cells have a very unpredictable nature. Even today, there is no absolute ability to distinguish tumors that will proceed aggressively, recur, and metastasize or lead to death from curable tumors.

Accurately diagnose cancer in the clinic "biocontrol". The vet specializiruetsya for such diseases and has the necessary equipment.

To determine the prognosis of the disease, it is necessary to identify the degree of differentiation of education, which will show how cancer cells are different from the benign and what are the chances of cure.

Based On what diagnostics

For the correct diagnosis of a number of clinical tests that give a detailed presentation about the course of the disease. For example, veterinary clinic "biocontrol" on Kashirke in the diagnosis holds:

• The study of the course of the disease, the inspection of the pet, a comprehensive study;
• Biochemical and General blood analysis;
• Ultrasound examination of the abdomen for the detection or exclusion of metastases;
• Chest x-ray Department in bilateral and dorsoventral projections;
• Aspiration biopsy of the composition of the lymph nodes that are first exposed to the infection;
• Clinical studies of bone marrow.

Veterinary clinic "biocontrol" on Kashirke specializiruetsya in treatment of dogs from cancer in 1965, and applies all known methods of treatment.

Treatments mastocytoma

The detection of a disease, such as mastocytoma, treatment is assigned using one of the methods:

1. Surgical removal of tumors. This method is used if there is a possibility to remove technoclone the tumor, thus capturing 2-3 cm of healthy tissue located under education. Remove mastocytoma makes sense only on the first and second stages, because the disease can spread rapidly into adjacent tissues. Before the operation the dog is assigned to antihistamine therapy to prevent anaphylactic shock and allergic reaction.
2. Method of radiation therapy. Performed as primary and secondary treatment. The result depends on the differentiation of cells and size of tumors. Radiation therapy is used if the tumor cannot be removed, and the cells mastocytoma have a low level of differentiation. As an additional measure in the complex treatment of the irradiation are shown before and after the surgery itself for large entities.
3. Method of chemotherapy. Applies if you have malignant tumors with metastases in regional lymph nodes. The meaning of this method lies in the application of certain medicinal drugs, which block the development of cells with certain receptors. The presence of such receptors determined by immunohistochemical analysis by studying the composition of the tumor.

The Results of any of the methods of treatment depend on the disease and its stage. So, in the treatment of first and second stage of the disease with moderate or good degree of differentiation of tumor cells after treatment, the animal can survive, on average, more than two years. If the third and fourth stages and with a low degree of differentsirovaniya after treatment, the dog will not live more than six months.

How mastocytoma the dog responds to chemotherapy

In a typical chemotherapy regimen is assigned to "Prednisone", the dosage is calculated depending on the weight of the animal. After two weeks of taking the drug test results. And if the positive effect was not revealed, it is assigned to the following Protocol of chemotherapy, which consists of "Cyclophosphamide", "Vincristine and Prednisone".

"Prednisolone" is most frequently used in mastocytoma. The animals are handling it well and the length of treatment may last for six months. If during treatment, new tumors have been identified, medication may be canceled.

While taking the drug may increase body weight, increase appetite and thirst, may occur in infectious lesions of the skin and shortness of breath. Rarely can be observed indigestion, peptic ulcer and pancreatitis. If such symptoms occur, there shall be a complementary therapy, aimed at reducing side effects.

If the tumor is located in inaccessible places or it can not remove, the applied combination chemotherapy. It inhibits the growth of the tumor and its spread throughout the body over long periods of time, which could amount to weeks, months and years. Tuckaleechee the complete destruction of the tumor is impossible, but some animals can live for several more years and reach the biological age.

Surveillance after treatment

All the animals that were treated from mastocytoma, should be under constant supervision of veterinary oncologists. For example, "biocontrol", the vet, which specializiruetsya for the treatment of Oncology, supervises each patient.

In the case of early detection and prompt treatment of recurrent tumor increase the chances for survival of life of the animal. Usuallyexamination of the dog is carried out with an interval of two months after the surgical removal mastocytoma every three weeks - in the case of chemotherapy. Periodically, experts will conduct the fence of the necessary tests.

What are the predictions?

Despite the fact that in this disease, as mastocytoma in dogs, the prognosis is difficult to do, yet there are some signs that can show positive dynamics of the disease. The behavior mastocytoma affected classification and stage of tumor and age of the dog. A lot depends on immunohistochemical studies, which determine the number of modified cells and the effectiveness of therapy.

So, when high-grade mastocytoma animal can live long enough in moderately differencirovannoe life expectancy ranges from one year to three years, while low-grade is from 6 to 12 months.

Factors that affect tumor behavior

1. Degree of differentiation.
2. The stage at which detected a tumor.
3. Location of the tumor. The worst predictions are given for tumors located in the mouth and mucous membranes.
4. The size of the tumor. The larger mastocytoma, the less chances of a favorable outcome.
5. The Intensity of development. With the rapid growth of the tumors and destruction of adjacent tissues, the chances of recovery are drastically reduced.
6. The Symptoms of the digestive system talking about neglect of illness.
7. Age group animals. The older the pet, the harder is the treatment.
8. Sex dog. According to studies, males have a lower tolerance to chemotherapy, than females.
9. Breed of animal. Some mastocytoma can be diagnosed in the early stages, for example, in boxers. In others the disease manifests itself only in a state of neglect. A striking example is the Shar-Pei.

Prevention activities

Unfortunately, there is no way to prevent the formation tuckaleechee of the tumor. The only recommendation for the owners of dogs, especially those belonging to the risk group serves as the constant monitoring of skin four-legged friend, check for the presence of different seals. It is useful and regular blood tests and visit specialists.

Mastocytoma is quite a serious and complex problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Disease requires qualitative study. What is mastocytoma the dog, to operate or not, how to treat and possible to cure - such questions are swarming in the mind of every good host. It all depends on at what stage was the disease is detected, and the results of the preliminary survey. The favorable outcome of treatment four-legged friend has all the chances of a long life (in dog years).