"One family - one child" policy in China

China is one of the largest countries in the world. It happened historically. Many families in this country many children. The territory of China, though large, but the population on it in excess. Because of this, the authorities decided to change the demographic situation by issuing a decree of "One family - one child".

Features of this decree

This policy was introduced in the country in the 70-ies of the last century. It stems from the fact that at that time, China had many large families. Due to this reduced the country's economy and standard of living of the population. There was no place to resettle families with children - they simply did not have enough square meters to live in. As a result, these families demanded the care of the state, benefits and so on. So for families, which were born only one child, it has all the best I could at the time to give the state. And for those who for any reason was ever born children, the penalty ranged from 4 to 8 average annual income of the region where the family lived. Parents in the truest sense of the word redeemed children.

"One family - one child" policy in China, aimed at the reduction of the population by the year 2000 to 1.2 billion people. Introduced administrative measures actively promoted contraception, abortion became popular. But why China was so populated?

Historical background to the many children in China

China is famous for a large population since the days of the samurai. They are actively engaged in development of land, whereas their wives were watching family life and having children. This tradition was actively continued after the Second world war. At this time, the authorities saw that many people died in the world in the state it was necessary to raise the economic level of development, and given the installation on large families. Actively promote birth in a family of 3-4 children.

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When the population began to grow rapidly, attempts were made to reduce the rate of progress, were introduced various restrictions for families. But the most extreme measure of influence on the demographic situation in the country was the policy of "One family - one child" in China. It was officially adopted in 1979.

Features of the accounting of the population in China

The policy already at that time had its pitfalls and shortcomings. Everything is connected with the peculiarities of accounting of the population and attitude towards the female sex. In China there is no registration of births, and records are maintained only by the number of deaths in the family, for 1 year. This approach does not satisfy the query the exact number of the population in the country, so it is more than data.

The Policy of "One family - one child" immediately faced with problems on a gender level. In this country the attitude to the female sex, as in Europe. Women are much lower than men in status and rights. Therefore, when the family first appeared the girl, the parents secretly sought to obtain permission for a second child. It turned out that the authorities have to decide who to give birth a second time, and who is not.

How do babies have to do with the economy?

As a result of the policy of "One family - one child" the authorities have achieved some positive points. The age structure of the Chinese has changed, also changed the approach to funding families. For one child the government spends much less money than three or five. As a result, there is the question of raising wages, thus there is cheap labor in the increased efficiency of the population. In addition, women, freed from the obligation to follow young children, had to go to work that also have a positive impact on the economic growth of the state. Besides, the authorities don't have to think about how to feed and teach the second and subsequent children.

Everything is okay, and even was the ideal period for the country when children have little, and the old man is still little. But the policy of "One family - one child" (China) has over time showed its reverse side. Started to have problems that are not immediately counted.

A Plethora of elderly Chinese people

When there was a period a small number of older Chinese people, no one thought about what will happen then, and the authorities were happy with the policy "One family - one child". The problems started closer to 2010, years: the population was redistributed, people aged became much more. Now we need them to care, but it was no one. The working-age population actively working, but young enough.

The Country was not ready for retirement policy, in which the state assumes responsibilities for contents of older people. Therefore, even in 70 years, many Chinese were forced to work to earn a living.

There was a problem of elderly people living alone. There was an additional burden on social services demetriadou these people. So, in the same household sometimes left one person who could not cope with the physical load.

The Problem of childhood selfishness in connection with such policy of the authorities

The Second impediment policy of "One family - one child" has become a problem of parenting. On the one hand, the opportunities to properly educate one child, give him everything he needed, much more than to provide all of this for seven. But manynoticed that children have become too selfish. Even were such an example, when the mother was pregnant with the second child and first teenage girl gave her a condition: either the mother makes an abortion or she will complete suicide. This was due to a selfish desire to get all the attention and not sharing it with anyone else.

The Problem of selective abortion

Given the attitude of Chinese women, as well as a restriction on the number of children in the family, it is not surprising that parents wanted to have a boy. But gender did not predict, so many began to look for opportunities as early as possible to determine who they will have to get rid of unwanted girls.

There was the illegal services for the implementation of ultrasound to determine the sex of the fetus, although it is prohibited by law. "One family - one child" policy in China has led to selective abortions, which have become commonplace among Chinese women.

The Problem of finding a spouse for young Chinese

As a consequence, after a General birthday boys much reduced the number of girls in the country. First also have not seen any problems. Much better to have a boy in the family, which then becomes a breadwinner. Even a policy in some circles has changed its name: "One family - one child with higher education." Parents were proud to give the son a quality education because they have the opportunity to train him.

But the years go by, girls in the country all the smaller guys a lot, and there was another problem - the search for the couple or just a couple. In China on this soil began to flourish homosexuality. The reasons for this are mostly covered in excess of the male population. Some statistics show that young people practicing same-sex relationships, ready to enter into a traditional marriage, if possible. At the moment the number of the male population dominated over the female as much as 20 million people.

Birth in Hong Kong. Excess pregnant women

A Policy that allows you to have more than one child in the family, determines the quotas for the birth of the baby. Therefore, the majority of Chinese women who have decided to have a second child were forced to travel to give birth to another territory - Hong Kong. Where laws are less strict, and no one has introduced any quotas. But the problem came in the smallest state. Because the number of Chinese is large and the capacity of hospitals designed for the officially registered population of Hong Kong. As a result, not all local women had the opportunity to give birth in comfortable conditions - in hospitals constantly not enough seats. Authorities of both States began to fight with the "mother of tourism".

The Future of the country with this policy

The Policy of educating only one child in China has led to the emergence of a new unofficial holiday for the population - day twins. Family was considered a great event, the birth of twins, because it gave them the right to educate their two children. How would the authorities tried to prevent it, but against nature will not go. When the parents learned they were having twins, their happiness knew no bounds - it frees them from the penalty for the second child, and family increased as much as two small miracle. The country began to organize festivals of twins for this reason.

But this law does not apply to small national minorities, which do not exceed 100 thousand people in the population of China. These people also lucky - they have the right to bear as many children as you want.

Analyzing all the problems and pitfalls taken in the late 70-ies of the twentieth century the law of one child per family, the Chinese authorities came to the conclusion that it is necessary to soften the wording and give the population the opportunity to not only give birth to one child. As a result of "One family - one child" policy in China is canceled. It happened in October of 2015.

The country's Leadership approved a new law to permit families to have two children. According to their forecasts, this will solve the problem with selective abortion, there is no such pursuit of boys in families, and many will allow themselves to raise girls. Besides this, there is not a sharp reduction of the young population, and to replace the two old parents come two young children. In addition, not all Chinese women can have children and some will remain with one child. Therefore, the demographic situation will not change significantly with the adoption of the new law.

"One family - one child": cancellation policy

Of Course, there are rumors about the brutality of the Chinese authorities in relation to childbirth. A little easier sighed the population of this country, when from 1 January 2016 policy on one child in the family was finally abolished. But what is the reason? Enhanced concern for the moral component of the population. The fact is that this law about 35 years, was strongly contrary to the economic interests of the country. It is therefore the policy "one family - one child" has been canceled. What makes this country and young parents?

Some people are wary of this cancellation, as admit the thought of baby-boom. But afraid of a demographic change is not necessary. The fact that in recent years (from 2013) has been easing policy - was allowed to have two children in those families where at least one of the spouses grew up alone in the family. Thus, the Chinese were gradually prepared for cancellation policy.

For young families cancel is a breath of fresh air. After all, at the legislative level, they were allowed to raise "little emperors" - selfish children, and two are full-fledged members of society, able to be in the team.