Exterior - what is it? Methods of grading

Breeds of farm animals and Pets, bred by humans many centuries ago, determined by their relevance to maintenance and breeding in the first place due to their unique characteristics. Many people know the word used in connection with the concept of "breed" – exterior. What is this word and how it is related to the ability to preserve features of animals of one species over the centuries?

The Concept of the Constitution of animals

Some 2 million years ago humans first began to pay attention to the Constitution. It covers a wide range of characteristics of the organism, starting from its physique, character and ending with the reaction to the external environment and heredity.

From the observation of external characteristics of the animal's body and begins the study of its Constitution. External forms of being, closely associated with its strength and value to the farm, are the basis of the concept of "exterior". What is it? Read about it further.

This is a strange word – exterior

The exterior of the animal is like a business card, where you can find the instructions on how biologically strong this breed, what is its adaptability to a particular environment and to play a full-fledged offspring. Certain parts of the body of the beast, which are in a harmonious relationship with each other objectively indicate an irrefutable relationship between the productivity of a certain breed and its exterior.

The Evolution of animals led to the fact that all parts of their body are inseparably linked, with a direct impact on the productivity of the breed. Selected the best individuals, and the main tool for this selection was the exterior. What is the result? The abundance of species that conform to the requirements set before them by man.

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Methods of grading

Methods of evaluation of the exterior of the animal is developed a very long time and has evolved over time. There are only three. First – visual – based on excellent knowledge of body parts and their proportional relations. Second – probing. This method gives the opportunity to assess the individual sections of the fortress, their development, conformity to the required standards. And the third – this is the dimension of the body of the animal, consisting in the measurements of the body as a whole and its separate parts.

About the exterior dogs

The Exterior of the dog consists of two sections-public and private. The first contains information about the appearance of the dog, its morphology, structure and harmonious development of the individual parts. He also notes the characteristic deviations and vices. A private exterior - what is it? The characteristics of specific breeds, inherent, or nontraditional features, which are determined by firmly established norms.

Usually the visual method used in dog breeding, is used in conjunction with a simple biometric measurements. Evaluation of the exterior of the produce at various exhibitions, broods and shows. At these events there is a selection of the best animals for further breeding and improvement of the breed, in accordance with the requirements of standards, regulations and tolerances.

Dogs that are used for the same purposes, have much in common in appearance, but they have differences in the structure of individual body parts. Exterior females and males has its own characteristics – graceful muscles first vividly different from the more developed muscle mass second.

Stages of development of dogs also affect the appearance due to age-related changes. Therefore, evaluation of the exterior at the above mentioned events are always carried out taking into account sex differences and age groups.

A Little about the exterior of the horse

Such an animal as the horse, used by man for different purposes and tasks, must have qualities and characteristics conducive to proper performance of the functions without compromising the health and life of the animal. Centuries of breeding have resulted in a clear indication of correct correlation of the forms and functions of their body. Therefore, the correct choice of breeds designed to perform specific tasks, determined by the characteristics of the structure of the animal's body, to accurately assess which will help the exterior of the horse.

Visual assessment begins with the definition of the format of the case. For this you need to enclose the animal in an imaginary rectangle in which its top face is a line from the withers along the grain, and the lateral boundaries become tangent from the shoulder and the buttock respectively. Horizontally elongated rectangle shows on the horse that can walk both under saddle and in harness. If the virtual rectangle is closer to a square, or, indeed, stretched vertically, then the animal is only good under the saddle.

Then you need to evaluate parts of the body, providing a more complete picture of the exterior of the animal and allowing to establish the correspondence between its capabilities and intended function, for which, in fact, it is selected.

The key to successful preservation of the purity of the breed

The Domestication of wild animals originates from the time of the Mesolithic. People are constantly involved in the selection of domesticated animals, seeing in them certain qualities that are particularly beneficial to communities. In the end it was the exterior was one of the main tools that allows not only to maintain the desired quality of individuals, but also to improve them for each breed.