Radishchev in his famous work, wrote about how inhuman landlords treat their serfs. He pointed to the powerlessness of the people, and perpetrated violence on him. Alexander followed the example of revolt of the serfs, driven to despair. For this he had to pay dearly. Alexander Radishchev was sent into exile... With all these and many others will introduce you to Radishchev biography.
Let's Start with the submission of our hero. Radishchev, Alexander Nikolayevich - known Russian writer, an adherent of the "educational philosophy". Biography Radishchev starts on 31 August 1749 (old style - August 20). It then came to light Alexander. Radishchev Athanasius prokopievich, grandfather of the future writer, was one of the amusing Peter. He rose to the rank of Brigadier. His son Nicholas Athanasius Petrovich gave a good education. Nicholas Afanasevich Radischev Saratov was a landowner. Is Fekla Stepanovna, Alexander's mother, was from a family Argamakova, an old noble family. Her eldest son was Alexander Radishchev. Biography and works of the great writer has glorified the name.
His father's Estate was located in the Upper Ablyazov. Alexander learned the Russian grammar in the Psalter and book of hours. When he was 6 years old, it was assigned to the Frenchman, however, the teacher was unsuccessful. As I learned later, this Frenchman was a rogue soldier. The father decided to send to Moscow his son. Here he was entrusted to the care of a French tutor, who was formerly Advisor to the Rouen Parliament, but he had to flee from the persecution of Louis XV.
Alexander in 1756 gave a noble high school, who was at Moscow University. Six years of continued training in it. In Moscow in September 1762, the coronation of Catherine II. Many of the nobles were elevated to the ranks on this occasion. Biography Radishchev was marked by important event-November 25: Alexander was granted in the pages.
He came to St. Petersburg in January 1764, and was educated in the corps of pages until 1766, When Catherine decided to send for literature in Leipzig 12 young noblemen, including 6 squires who distinguished themselves by success in learning and behavior, one of the lucky ones and was Radishchev. When students were sent abroad, Catherine II personally wrote the user manual as to what they should do. Considerable funds were assigned for their maintenance - the first for 800 rubles, and from 1769 - thousand per year for each.
However, the major Bocoum, was appointed as tutor to the nobility, withheld substantial sums in their favor, so students needed. Radishchev biography which we are interested in, talked about his stay abroad in "Life of F. V. Ushakov". Quite was various classes of young people in Leipzig. They studied philosophy, law, history. According to the instructions of Catherine II, students can practice and "other Sciences". Radishchev chose chemistry and medicine. He was fascinated by them not just as a lover, very seriously. Alexander had even passed the doctor and subsequently was successfully engaged in treatment. One of his favorite Affairs will forever remain classes chemistry. Radishchev knew different languages (Latin, French, German). He later learned Italian and English. After Leipzig 5 years, Radischev, as his comrades, forgotten Russian language. So he started on his return to Russia, under the leadership of Secretary Khrapovitsky, Catherine.
Upon graduation Alexander became a very educated man, which at that time was not a lot, not only in our country but in the world. In 1771, Radishchev returned to St. Petersburg. He soon entered the service of the recorder in the Senate. In the rank of a titular Counsellor Alexander briefly served as hindered poor knowledge of the native language, and also weighed the appeal of the authorities and the clerks Association.
Radishchev decided to go to the headquarters of the General-in-chief Bryusov, who commanded in St. Petersburg. He became chief auditor. Alexander in 1775 he retired, rising to the rank of major-seconds. Romanowski, one of his friends at Leipzig, introduced by Alexander Radishchev family and older brother. On Anne, daughter of the last, and married Alexander.
In 1778 he again entered the service in camerz-Board for the position of assessor. In 1788, Radishchev was transferred to the St. Petersburg customs. He became an assistantManager and then Manager. As for the customs, and in Gamerz Board Alexander Radischev was distinguished by devotion to duty, unselfishness, serious attitude to his duties.
Reading, and Russian language classes led him eventually to his own literary samples. In 1773, Radishchev published a translation of the works of Mably, and then began to make the history of Russian Senate, but destroyed is written.
Radishchev Biography continues with the death of his beloved wife. It happened in 1783. Then Alexander decided to take a literary work and find it calming. He published in 1789, "the Life of Fedor Ushakov...". Radishchev, taking advantage of the decree of the Empress on free press, started a at home of their own and released in 1790 his main work titled "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow."
Immediately began quickly bought up this book. Bold reasoning Alexander Nikolayevich of serfdom, and other phenomena of public and social life of that time drew the attention of Catherine II, which someone presented "a Journey...".
A Very interesting biography of Radishchev. Interesting facts about him are numerous. They can not fit into the format of one article. However, one of them certainly need to mention. The book Radishchev was released with the permission of Council decorum, that is, the set of censorship. However, against the author was initiated pursuit. How is this possible? The fact that "Journey..." has been censored because the censor thought it was a guide. Indeed, at first glance it may seem so - the head of works are called places and cities. Censor watched the contents and did not understand the book.
Did Not immediately know who the author works, as his name in the book was not specified. However, after the arrest of the merchant Zotov, the store which sold the work of Radishchev, he learned that Alexander wrote the ill-fated piece of work and published it. Radishchev was arrested, and his case was "handed over" news Sheshkovsky. The Empress has forgotten that Alexander Radishchev studied "natural law" and abroad, and in the corps of pages, that she was permitted to preach and preach personally, the principles was said to "Travel". Catherine reacted to the work of Alexander Nikolayevich with great personal irritation. The Empress has personally made questions Radishchev and led through Bezborodko all.
Alexander Nikolayevich put in a fortress where he was questioned Sheshkovsky. Repeatedly expressed remorse, refused books written by him Radischev. A brief biography of his, however, should not overlook the fact that in his testimony, he often found those same views, which were cited in his work. Our hero was hoping for an expression of remorse to mitigate the punishment that threatened him. However, could not hide their beliefs Radischev.
A short biography of his future years is quite natural. It is clear that the fate of Alexander Nikolaevich was decided in advance. He was found guilty already in the decree on the prosecution. It produced a brief investigation, the criminal chamber. The content of his stated in the letter to Bezborodko, count Bruce, commander-in-chief in St. Petersburg. Radishchev was sentenced to death.
Passed in the Senate, and then in the Council the sentence was approved by these two bodies, then presented to the Empress. On 4 September 1790 was issued nominal decree, to recognize Alexander Nikolayevich guilty of a crime office citizen and the oath of the publication of this book. The wine Alexander Radishchev, as mentioned in it, such that he deserves the death penalty. However, the mercy and the honour of concluding a peace Treaty with Sweden such a severe punishment was commuted to exile in Ilimskiy stockaded town located in Siberia. He should stay there for 10 years. Immediately was given in pursuance of this decree.
The difficult time experienced by the Alexander Radishchev. His biography marked a hard tests immediately after sentencing. Arrested in the summer the writer was taken without warm clothes out of the fortress. Apparently, Catherine had hoped that Radishchev, already suffering its conclusion, the road will die. It is known that the Count Vorontsov sent the money to the Governor of Tver to Alexander Radishchev waspurchased everything necessary for a long journey.
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radishchev biography which continues Ilimsk Ostrog, was here for almost 5 years. However, he was not discouraged. Radishchev was treated by the locals. Alexander inoculated smallpox children with a at home small oven, where he engaged in the baking dish. And, of course, he continued his literary activity.
Everyone's attention was attracted to the sad fate of a famous writer, like Radishchev, Alexander Nikolayevich. A short biography should not be missed and that the sentence imposed on him was incredible. Many times in society there were rumors that Alexander is forgiven that he will soon return from exile. However, they did not materialize.
In Siberia came to him Rubanovskaya E. V., sister of his deceased wife, and brought younger children (for education of the older children remained with relatives). Radishchev in Ilim friends with this woman. However, the right to marry they had. It was equated with incest, and was a violation of Church rules. In reference to Elizabeth V. Radishchev gave birth to three children. She died in 1797, the cold in Tobolsk, in the return from exile. However, the feat of the woman who anticipated the Decembrists, was not only appreciated by his contemporaries. Even after the death of Elizabeth Vasilevny them with Alexander Nikolaevich continued to condemn. When Radishchev returned home, Nikolai Afanasevich, his blind father, refused to accept grandchildren. He said that to marry the sister-in-law is unthinkable. If Radischev chose the land the girl, he would have taken her and Elizabeth that he can't.
Soon after the accession to the throne of Emperor Paul returned from Siberia such an important public figure, as Radishchev, Alexander Nikolayevich. A brief biography of his future years, however, marked new challenges. The decree on pardon was made on 23 November 1796. Alexander was ordered to live in the village. the Kaluga province, where his possessions. Correspondence and behavior Radishchev was requested to see the Governor. Alexander after the accession of Emperor Alexander I had total freedom. He was summoned to St. Petersburg. Here he became a member of the Commission on the drafting of various laws Alexander Radishchev. A brief biography of him is cut off quite suddenly. How did this happen? Now you will learn about how died A. N. Radischev. His biography ends rather unusual.
Born and Ilyinsky, the contemporaries of Alexander Nikolayevich, I certify that the legend about his death is true. According to him, Radischev has filed a draft of legislative reforms. It was nominated again the liberation of the peasants. Then the count Zavadovsky, Secretary of the Commission, did Alexander simply the suggestion for his thoughts, reminding him of his past Hobbies. Zavadovsky even mentioned the Siberian exile. Radishchev, whose health was severely frustrated, and the nerves are broken, was to such an extent appalled by the threats and reprimand Zavadsky that even decided to commit suicide.
Alexander drank the poison. He died in great agony. Radishchev died in the night on 12 Sep 1802. Buried Alexander Nikolaevich Volkov cemetery.
Long lay the ban on behalf of such a great writer like A. N. Radischev. A brief biography of his many interests today, but after death his name rarely appeared in print. Several articles about Alexander Nikolaevich was written shortly after his death, and then in literature almost disappeared his name. Very rarely it is mentioned. Only incomplete and fragmentary data cited on Radishchev. Batyushkov made by Alexander Radishchev in the program works of literature composed them. Only from the 2nd half of the 1850-ies the ban was lifted with the name of Radishcheva. Since that time, the printing began to appear many articles about it.
To this day researchers are attracted Radishchev biography. A brief summary of his "Journey..." you know many of our compatriots. All this speaks of immortality as a writer.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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