The most famous fabulist

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2018-03-19 17:14:14

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Fable – the oldest genre of literature, originating in Ancient Greece. It is based on moralistic story contain morality either in the text of the work itself or in a separate part. Traditionally, this genre has a small volume and is written in verse form. As the main characters of the famous fable writers often choose animals, embodying the vices as individuals and society as a whole.

famous fabulists

The development of the genre

It is Assumed that the fable originated in Ancient Greece. The first authors name of Hesiod and Stesichorus. However, the greatest fame reached Aesop, whose works subsequently used the well-known fabulists as the basis for creating works of this genre. Less popular was the Demetrius of Phaleron (300 BC) and Babri (2nd century BC).

Since the middle ages and until the 19th century I wrote fables Jean de La Fontaine, who lived in France in the 17th century, the German poet Gellert. In the 18-19 th centuries, this genre is becoming more popular in Russian literature. The greatest fame got here A. Kantemir, V. K. trediakovskii, A. P. Sumarokov, I. I. Dmitriev, and of course, I. A. Krylov.

Aesop-ancient Greek fabulist

the famous Russian fabulist

It's pretty well known and yet mysterious personality. It is assumed that Aesop lived in the 6th century BC in one of the cities of Thrace or Phrygia.

The Main source of information about the fabulist – legends of, as up to now not known for certain whether there was such a person really is. He is credited with the creation of a small fascinating stories in prose, which followed moral sense. Mostly they were directed against the nobility, which required a special, veiled content. Heroes are conventional animals, speaking in plain language. Hence the popular expression "Aesopian language”, actively used nowadays in the meaning of "allegory".

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Interest in the subjects of Aesop's fables has always existed. His followers of Phaedrus, avian, Flavius was doing a transcription of the texts into Latin. Many of the most eminent fabulists different times used them as the basis for creating your own works. Here is quite familiar and similar stories in the texts of different authors. Here is one example of Aesop's fables: the wolf saw the shepherds, dined sheep, came and said to him: “And how many there would be noise, if it did I".

the famous Russian fabulist

Works of Jean de La Fontaine

The history of the modern fable begins with the works of the French fabulist, who lived in 1621-1695.

He spent His childhood close to nature, as my father served in the forest Department. To the posts transferred from the parent, Lafontaine treated lightly and soon found himself in Paris, where he lived all his life, having achieved the fame. Before him was the open door of practically all the capital's salons, with the exception of the Royal Palace: there was not fond of the free and frivolous poet, do not take any obligations.

The Main fame of the poet bring 6 books under the common name "Aesop's Fables, passed on the poems of M. Lafontaine”. They differed very nice, figurative language, varied poetic forms and a specific rhythm. The content of organically bound interesting philosophical musings and lyrical digressions. The heroes of La Fontaine usually succeed because of their dexterity and ability to use the situation.

The fable Genre in Russian literature

Interest in the work of Aesop, and then Lafontaine was observed in many countries, including in Russia. In the 17th century was known fable Stefanita and Anilate. However, the greatest popularity of the genre reaches only after the Petrine era, when literature appear really famous fabulists. Russian imitative works of this genre are gradually replaced by the original.

First there were A. Cantemir, who wrote 6 of the fables in the spirit of Aesop, and V. trediakovskii, engaged in processing works of the Greek poet.

Famous fabulists A. Sumarokov, I. Khemnitser, I. Dmitriev

The Next major step was made by A. Sumarokov in his heritage 334 fables, most of which are already separate works. This is a small live skits written in free verse and somewhat coarse language. According to the author, it was required by the low wind, which was fable. The product is very reminiscent of the naturalistic scene of everyday life, and the plot came from a folklore that also gave the works a popular character. Sumarokov himself often called them fables-parables, which already defines the author's intent.

the famous ancient Greek fabulist

In the second half of the 18th century was a collection of ‘Fables and fairy tales N. N. poetry”, a feature of whose works was the combination of features of classicism and sentimentalism. The author's name - I. Chemnitzer became known to the General reader only after two decades when the book was republished after the death of the poet. The main features of his fables are well expressed in the epigraph to the second collection: “In nature, in the simplicity he was looking for the truth…” For a poet was more important than accuracy and logical expression of thought,that limited his choice of expressive means. Many noted that, in contrast to Sumarokov, with its “peasant” conversation, language Hemnitsera more like a noble speech, smoother and more graceful.

Closes this series of fabulist I. Dmitriev, who was very friendly with Karamzin. It left an imprint on his work. Language Dmitrieva is of particular lightness, smoothness and good taste, and animal characters speak witty and yet cute. Not accidentally called a reformer in the field of poetic language and the founder of the salon fables.

In the Russian literary criticism remained of the view that these well-known fabulists have managed to reform the language of the works of this genre, and laid the foundations for the formation of the works of another famous poet.

The Great I. A. Krylov

the most famous fabulists

This is known to us from childhood, the poet had started with the translation beloved of La Fontaine in 1805, and then another 6 years tried his hand in different genres.

Recognition as a fabulist Krylov occurred in 1811, during which it was written 18 stories, 15 of which were original. Bright and apt figurative language, attractive and often unexpected images, almost all have already become common, immediate feedback on the most relevant socio-political developments – the most essential features of the fables of Krylov. His works embodied the wisdom and identity of the people, and laid the foundations of realism. The creative legacy of I. Krylov 340 includes fables, published in 9 anthologies. During the life of the poet, his books have been translated into Italian, German, English and French.

It So happened that the famous Russian fabulist I. A. Krylov have played a leading role in the development of this genre in the world literature. Better and more than him, no one could not tell.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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