What is the capital? This is a piece of architecture from centuries past

Your friend finally got back from my trip and, of course, is ready with pleasure to share your lasting impressions of the trip. Are you interested? Of course! It's not every day you hear exciting stories about the mysterious fauna of the tropics and the beauty of ancient capitals. “Kapitel? What is this?” – flashes in your head. But to ask the friend what is the meaning of the complicated word, you are hesitant. And no wonder, after all, not everyone can have the courage to show off their knowledge gaps. Well, I guess we all at least once da was in a similar situation, and nothing wrong with that. Because share with a friend of his magical discoveries, and that this kapitel, we will talk.

Monumental architecture

Perhaps you will be surprised, but the capitals often surround you in everyday life, is only a little look. Kapitel – the brainchild of the great ancient architecture. It is difficult to say in ancient China or Rome, the people who did not have equipment and special equipment, could build so complicated a monumental building. But they not only survived, but also able to impress with its majestic beauty even the most experienced contemporary architect.

Chapter – the upper part of the column, which is the connecting element between the horizontal arch and the column. Often, this element is used in the crowning of uprights or pilasters. The shape, size and pattern of such products can be quite different from the modest and understated to the incredibly complex and majestic. You've probably already seen like.

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Don't They just beautiful

At first glance it may seem that the capital – it was just a decoration of the column. But this is not true. This part of the structure carries a very important functional purpose. Having the shape of a trapezoid, flared up, kapitel increased the area of contact beams with the column, taking the brunt of the burden. Thanks to this reliable support, columns received the best stability, and the upper arches didn't collapse under the weight of huge weight.

Depending on what time the building was erected and by whom, were significantly different and the capital. The architecture of each time and people carried their particular style and architectural order. Performed items from different material such as wood or stone.

Various types

Of Course, time has left its mark on architecture. Changing tastes, fashion and the style of the buildings, so there were different types of capitals. To date, there are several main:

• Tuscan (the most modest);
• Doric (simple enough);
• Ionic (medium complexity);
• The Corinthian (the most complicated).

A Kind types have appeared in ancient Mexico, Japan and even in the Slavic architecture. Often they were of a mixed type, combining the classics with the local patterns, emphasizing their particular style.

Capitals today

The Capitals popular in the modern life, no less. These elements often adorn the facades of buildings, or any spacious areas in which there are columns. And Yes, they are a kind of hallmark. If capital is, then, this column, if not, then the usual post.

The Capitals play an important role not only in the construction of houses. Many designers have adopted the idea and began to decorate almost anything. It is possible to meet the lighting devices in the form of capitals, and they even got some furniture and decor items. The main task – of course, the aesthetic, the item gives the product a luxury and a certain charm.

Our contemporaries most often use capitals carved from wood, stone or vyleplivat them out of clay and other materials. Modern construction rarely uses capitals to sustain the ceiling beams, we have learned to build a fairly robust design without them. Basically, these elements are used to decorate the interiors or street facades.

Now you know what the capital where it came from and how it is used. Maybe soon you as your friend, you are lucky to see the majestic luxury of the Byzantine architecture and the ancestors of all modern capitals.