The First instances of the use of submarines for combat purposes belong to the mid-19th century. However, because of its technical deficiencies of a submarine for a long time played only a supporting role in the Navy. The situation changed completely after the discovery of atomic energy and invention of ballistic missiles.
Submarines have a different purpose. Dimensions of submarines of the world vary according to their goals. One is designed for a crew of only two people, others are able to carry on Board dozens of Intercontinental missiles. What tasks are the biggest submarines in the world?
French strategic nuclear submarine. Its name means "triumphant". Boat length is 138 meters, a displacement of 14 tons. The ship is armed with three-stage M45 ballistic missiles with multiple warheads, are equipped with individual guidance. They are capable of hitting targets at a distance of 5300 kilometers. At the design stage before the designers were tasked to make a submarine with minimum disruption to the enemy and to provide it with an effective system of early detection of enemy ASW assets. A careful study and numerous experiments have shown that the main reason of the disclosure of the location of the submarine is its acoustic footprint.
When designing "Triumphan" was used all the known methods of lowering the noise. Despite the impressive size of the submarine, it is quite difficult for acoustic detection of the object. The specific form of the submarine helps to reduce hydrodynamic noise. The sound level produced when operating the main propulsion plant of the vessel is significantly reduced due to a number of original technological solutions. "Triumphan" has on Board a state of the art sonar system designed for early detection of the anti-submarine tools of the enemy.
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The Strategic nuclear missile submarine built for the Navy of China. Due to the high level of secrecy much of the data about this ship does not come from the media and from the intelligence services of the United States and other NATO countries. The size of the submarine is determined based on photos taken in 2006, a commercial satellite designed to obtain digital images of the earth's surface. The vessel's length is 140 m, displacement - 11 tons.
Experts point out that the size of the nuclear submarine "Jin" more than the dimensions of the previous one, is technically and morally outdated Chinese submarines of the class "Xia". The ship is a new generation adapted to launch Intercontinental ballistic missiles "Cuilan-2", equipped with multiple nuclear warheads. The maximum range of their flight is 12 thousand kilometers. Missile "Cuilan-2" is an exclusive development. If their design took into account the size of submarines of a class "Jin", destined to be the bearers of this terrible weapon. According to experts, the fact that China has such ballistic missiles and submarines significantly change the balance of power in the world. Approximately three quarters of the territory of the United States are in the affected area boat "Jin", located in the Kuril Islands. However, according to information available to the us military missile test launches "Cuilan" often fail.
The British strategic nuclear submarine, the size of which allow you to compete with the biggest submarines in the world. The length of the vessel is 150 m, displacement - 15 tons. Boats of this type are in service with the Royal Navy since 1994. Today the submarines of class "Vanguard" are the only carriers of nuclear weapons in the UK. They are installed on ballistic missiles "Trident-2". This weapon deserves special mention. It produces the famous American company "Lockheed Martin" for the Navy of the United States. The UK government took 5% of the cost of developing missiles that the intent of the designers was to surpass all his predecessors. Zone "Trident-2" is 11 thousand kilometers, the accuracy reaches a few feet. Missile guidance is not dependent on the American global positioning system. "Trident-2" deliver to target nuclear warheads at a speed of 21 thousand kilometers per hour. Four boats "Vanguard" placed a total of 58 such missiles, which is a "nuclear shield" of the UK.
The Soviet submarine, built during the cold war. The main aim of creating boats was to increase the range of missiles and overcome the American system of sonar detection. The extension of the affected area demanded changes in the dimensions of the submarine compared to previous versions. Silos boat "Murena-M" designed for missiles D-9, starting weight which is two times higher than normal. The length of the ship is 155 metersthe displacement of 15 thousand tons. According to experts, Soviet designers managed to perform the original task. Range missile system increased by about 2.5 times. To achieve this purpose the submarine "Murena-M" had to make one of the biggest submarines in the world. The dimensions of the submarine have not changed for the worse the level of secrecy. The design of the boats was provided for the attenuation of vibration mechanisms, as in those days, the sonar tracking system the United States has become a serious problem for the Soviet strategic submarine vessels.
Service of the us Navy is 18 submarines of this class, able to carry on Board half a thermonuclear Arsenal. The largest submarine in the U.S. history of the imagination. Dimensions Ohio has almost no competition in the world. Only the size of submarines of Russia "Borey" and "the Shark" beat the record of American giant. The length of the "Ohio" - 170 meters, a displacement of 18 tons. Boats of this type are designed for long patrols and intimidation of potential adversaries. Ohio has no equal number of silos: the ship can accommodate 24 ballistic missiles "Trident-2". According to some reports, the submarine has a very low noise level, but accurate information about it remains classified. Four submarines of class "Ohio" in 2003, was converted by the installation of cruise missiles "Tomahawk".
The Development of this nuclear submarine began in the Soviet Union. It was finally designed and built in the Russian Federation. Its name comes from the name of the Greek God of the North wind. In accordance with the plans of the founders of the submarine "Borey" in the foreseeable future to replace class submarines "Shark" and "Dolphin". Cruiser length is 170 m, displacement - 24 thousand tons. Northwind became the first strategic submarine, built in the post-Soviet era. The first new Russian boat serves as a platform for launching ballistic missiles "Bulava", equipped with multiple nuclear warheads. Their range is over 8 thousand kilometers. Due to problems with financing and the violation of economic relations with the enterprises located on the territory of the former Soviet republics, the completion of the ship construction was repeatedly postponed. Boat "Boreas" was launched in 2008.
According to NATO classification the vessel has the designation "Typhoon". The size of the submarine "Akula" surpass all that had been created over the history of submarines. Its construction was a response to the Soviet Union American project "Ohio." Huge size heavy submarine "Shark" was due to the necessity of placing it on missiles R-39, mass, and length that were much higher than the American Trident. The Soviet designers had to deal with large dimensions in order to increase the range and weight of warhead. Fit for the launch of these missiles, the submarine "Akula" has a record length of 173 meters. Her displacement is 48 thousand tons. To date, "Shark" remains the biggest submarine in the world.
The First lines of the ranking are occupied by submarines of the US and the USSR. This is quite natural: the superpowers involved in the cold war, believed in the possibility of applying the anticipatory strike. Its main task was to subtly to place nuclear missiles close to the enemy. This mission was assigned to submarines of great size, which have become the legacy of that era.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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