Russia's nuclear industry: the scope of activities, main directions and tasks

With the launch in 1954 in Obninsk, the world's first power plant running on the energy of the isotopes of uranium started its history in the nuclear industry. It was planned that the share of nuclear energy to the beginning of the second Millennium will be not less than 25% of global electricity generation. But, unfortunately, due to serious accidents, including Chernobyl by the year 2000, with nuclear fuel produced only 6% of the electricity in the world.

However, despite the very poor performance in this industry has formed a few areas. They take great importance in economic, defence and industrial sectors in many countries.

Organization of the nuclear industry

For more than a half-century period of development of nuclear technology, Russia has formed four large, inextricably linked with each other research and production complex:

1. Energy. Responsible for production, enrichment and nuclear fuel production, the creation of enterprises in sectors such as nuclear energy industry the nuclear industry.
2. Armory. Manages the creation and testing of new models of nuclear weapons.
3. Radiation safety. Designed to protect present and future generations from the damaging effects of ionizing radiation.
4. Nuclear medicine. Introducing radioactive drugs in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Also in the nuclear industry includes scientific research complex, which deals with the development of fundamental and applied knowledge in nuclear physics and nuclear icebreaker fleet. Currently Russia's nuclear industry includes more than 250 companies. Its main task-wider application of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes.

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Power complex

Because Of the inextricable link of the nuclear industry and the security of the country all power is concentrated in the hands of the state Corporation «Rosatom». It is responsible for the development and implementation of nuclear technologies in areas of human activity. Uranium is mined mainly in the territory of Kazakhstan. The nuclear industry plans to expand its borders and cooperate with other countries – Namibia, Armenia, Canada.

Uranium Enrichment is engaged in four joint stock companies and the production of nuclear fuel a large company “fuel”, which provides all 10 operating nuclear power plants in Russia, and 17% of all nuclear power plants in the world.

Nuclear weapons complex

Enterprises of nuclear weapons complex are not isolated units of the Russian defense industry. They work closely with other organizations, including civil companies. The main consumers of nuclear power production in this sector are railway, automotive and oil and gas industry.

The Main objective of the NWC, which involves the nuclear industry, is to pursue a policy of nuclear deterrence-the protection of territory and citizens from nuclear weapons of other countries. For this purpose, the complex included several Federal nuclear centers.

Complex radiation safety

Protecting people and the environment from radiation exposure – immutable tenet, the company «Rosatom».

To achieve this goal, the complex includes several enterprises, which annually decide the issues in two main areas:

• Ensuring trouble-free operation of the enterprises of the nuclear industry. It has developed and implemented projects for the protection of nuclear reactors against natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and the environment from radiation.
• Recycling residue of spent fuel, as well as the elimination of the degraded objects of “Atomic” of the USSR.

On an annual basis to address these issues, the nuclear industry received about 150 billion rubles.

Nuclear medicine

In cooperation with the Federal medical-biological Agency, a complex of nuclear medicine, which will be fully Autonomous. Now are PET-centres (centres positron emission tomography) equipment which will allow to identify at early stages of tumor development, metastases and pathological lesions.

The Complex includes laboratories that are engaged in the standardization of isotopes and quality control, and medical centers which diagnose and treat patients.

Nuclear technology is increasingly embedded in our lives. Now in the country in this area employs about 190 thousand people. And no wonder that the Russian Government has identified calendar day – 28 September, which a nuclear worker may be considered to be their professional holiday.