During the «cold war» Soviet scientists and engineers have solved a difficult and sometimes unimaginable challenges. One of the priority directions of development of that time was the creation and improvement of military equipment. Achievements «Soviet» still impress us with its power, force and article.
But not all developments have been implemented and introduced into mass production. A sad fate befell the Soviet experimental heavy tank "Object 277". It was released only two models in this series, and survived only one. But even in the drawing of this "iron giant" causes to tremble.
The Development of a new generation of heavy tanks began in 1955 in the Leningrad design Bureau of the Kirov factory. The project was led by chief engineer Kotin Joseph Yakovlevich. According to some estimates, all work was carried out on a competitive basis, although publicly this is not advertised anywhere.
The designer was already a lot of military developments. This self-propelled artillery installation on base of tanks KV-1 and IP ISU-152, ISU-122, SU-152, as well as the notorious heavy is-4 amphibious tank PT-76 armored personnel carrier БТР50-P. But his main achievement was the T-10, the replacement of which was to come a new "Object 277".
Was designed From the outset two types of equipment – with a diesel engine and gas turbine power plant ("Object 278"). Both prototype was launched off the Assembly line in 1957.
Within a few months they been tested in the field and brought to the first Secretary of the CPSU Khrushchev. But he did not appreciate the new models of heavy tanks, because he was a staunch opponent of traditional systems of firing. This was the reason for the cessation of all developments by 1960.
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The Difficult situation on the world political arena, it's a tougher «cold war” demanded the engineers to create a fundamentally new types of military equipment and weapons. "Object 277" – a new generation tank had to answer by the government to the special requirements:
The new cars are heavy tanks T-10 and is-7, which has already managed to prove itself well. Perhaps this fact was the reason that a new instance was not satisfied with Khrushchev – the country needed a fundamentally new "defender".
The basis for the design of a heavy tank steel components and assemblies from the is-7 and T-10. The new machine has a classic layout-the engine and two leading was located in the back. Frontal part of the body has been completely cast, but the sides were made from bent steel sheets.
His tower "Object 277" almost completely adopted the basic models. It was expanded in the anterior part, where was installed the optical sight-range finder. The elongated aft located boeukladki with mechanized loading system. In the composition of the ammunition consisted of only 35 rounds.
The prototype "Object 278" gas turbine power plant was no different from its petrol counterpart. But to see it firsthand and to understand, whether so it actually, we're not going – the model was even completed.
"Object 277" differed from his contemporaries by the presence of tried and tested components and assemblies. If not for the whim of the first Secretary, a heavy tank would become one of the most reliable and powerful representatives of the military equipment. At the time its performance was quite impressive:
To Operate the machine had a crew of four people. Presumably part of a tank platoon was to include the commander, driver, gunner and loader.
The Armor of a heavy tank meet the requirements of the time. It could easily withstand a shot from a D-25T – 122 mm gun. Did not break through the protection and heat shells caliber 76-122 mm and standing at that time armed with rocket-propelled grenades."Object 277" was so impressive resistance to tank and howitzer guns due to the design of its shell. It was welded with cast frontal part. On the sides were installed bent metal sheets alternate profile. Booking frontal part of the body was 140 mm/deg, and the Board – 153 mm/deg. Co-molded turret in its front part had armor 290 mm/deg.
The Basis of the armament of the tank was a 125-mm rifled gun M-65 with an equally sad fate than the "Object 277". Its development began in 1955 (along with heavy tank) under the leadership of M. Y. Tsirulnikov in the design Bureau of plant number 172– now a public company “Motovilikha plants”.
In June 1956, the first test new weapons. The design of the M-65 was composed of three main elements:
To facilitate the loading, in the experienced heavy tank "Object 277" (USSR) was established mechanized combat pack with electro-mechanical docelowym device. For pointing the gun at the target answered two hydraulic cylinders. The left element when it played the role of heretofore, and the right – the stabilizer in the vertical plane.
Development of the gun was discontinued in 1961 after the closure of the project "Object 277". There were 10 instances of similar guns, and made one modification. Redesigned gun M-65 GL had no significant differences and were discontinued in the same year.
As the power plant of the heavy tank was planned to use one of two types of engines – the upgraded diesel engine-2 or a marine engine M-850. Designer Kotin decided to stay on the second option as the most powerful and reliable. It was made at the Voroshilov plant in Leningrad and had impressive at the time power – more than 1,000 horsepower.
In experimental heavy tanks – the "Object 277" – the motor is set parallel to the longitudinal axis. On both sides he was surrounded by ejectors, cooling, and beneath were the tanks of oil and diesel fuel. The engine was not available in the transmission presented planetary manual transmission with 8 steps. It was built in a rotation mechanism with hydraulic control.
In the "Object 277" was used crawler metal tracks with closed hinge. On the sides, a support for 4 and 8 track roller. Torsion bar suspension for symmetrically located nodes had hydraulic shock absorbers. All this gave the car smooth running and high traffic.
For the First time in the history of the heavy tanks in the "Object 277" was equipped with a system anti-nuclear protection. What it represented is not known for certain. In addition, in the fighting compartment were installed termodinamike devices, cleaning mechanisms of the devices of surveillance and control equipment of the tank under water.
As the main means of communication was the radio station R-113 "Garnet", designed by special request (especially for tanks) and released on light in 1953. It provided smooth the bilateral communication with radios of the same type, either in the same frequency range.
Experienced heavy tank was implemented in a rather popular online computer game "ground war: Tanks". "Object 277" just like gamers and deserved popularity for a good booking frontal part of the hull and turret. Players also noted the high maneuverability and speed that you wouldn't normally expect from this class of military equipment.
Another popular multiplayer game World of Tanks "Object" has not been given space in the hangar. Apparently, the developers decided to concentrate their efforts on implementing more “template” heavy tanks and replaced it with "About.777 II" during supertest. However, the hope that in the future fans will be able to see the "Object 277" in action, still remains.
Those who wish to learn and enjoy the game on the most accurate copies of the game, is to wait for the relevant changes in World of Tanks. Heavy tank "Object 277" in Ground War Tanks, though close to existing prototypes, will not be able to please the true connoisseurs of military equipment.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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