Necrobacillosis in cattle: the causative agent and diagnosis. The description of the disease, symptoms, treatment

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2020-04-27 17:20:27

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Necrobacillosis of cattle – infectious animal disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium necrophorum of the genus Fusarium. The main unpleasant consequences are a significant decrease in milk yield and breeding losses. Although the loss of cattle in this disease is rare, the damage to farms could be enormous. And so farmers and owners of household plots is important to know about how is its prevention and treatment.

A Little history

The causative agent of necrobacillosis in cattle is, therefore, the bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum. Described she was already quite a long time – in 1882 Leffler in diphtheria of calves. Highlighted this stick from the cornea of a sheep affected with smallpox in 1881 Robert Koch. Subsequently the virus was also identified scientists Schutz and Tartakovsky. Pure culture of Fusobacterium necrophorum was first obtained Bang in 1890, Independently of him, in 1891, did the same microbiologist Small.

the causative agent of necrobacillosis in cattle is

Necrobacillosis in cattle: pathogen

The Microbe Fusobacterium necrophorum is polymorphic and has the form of sticks or long thin strands. The latter may form a spherical or flask-shaped swellings. The bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum is stationary, has no flagella and does not form spores or capsules. While it fermented glucose, levulose, galactose, saccharose, salicin, and maltose. Ammonia this bacterium does not produce. He does not restore nitrates into nitrates.

The causative agent, Fusobacterium necrophorum is relatively unstable. But, unfortunately, it can a long time to survive in various environmental objects. So, in the feces of the animals he lives to 50 days in the urine and water – to 15, and in the milk – up to 35 days. The sun's rays on this organism are disastrous. While not in the shadows, the bacterium is killed in half a day.

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The Sensitivity of Fusobacterium necrophorum to different kinds of disinfectants are high. Therefore, observing cleanliness in the barns, you can greatly reduce the risk of development of animals of this disease. Kill the bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum antiseptics such as:

  • Sodium hydroxide and potassium (0.5%);
  • Lysol (5%);
  • Creolin;
  • Phenol (2%);
  • Potassium permanganate (1:1000).

Also, this microbe is extremely sensitive to Tetracyclinum drugs.

Symptoms

Manifests itself necrobacillosis in cattle mainly purulent lesions. They occur most often in cattle:

  • On the udder;
  • The lower parts of the limbs;
  • The mucosa of the vagina and uterus.

Necrobacillosis in cattle is also characterized by diphtheric inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, oral cavity and internal organs. These symptoms usually occur in the young.

necrobacillosis in cattle is characterized by

How is infection

Develops necrobacillosis in cattle most often in the injury with damage to the skin. In wounds, as a result of violation of the integrity of the capillaries, formed favorable to the life of this sticks anaerobic oxygen-free environment. Particularly well propagated the virus in the blood hematomas. As a result of life Fusobacterium necrophorum generated a huge amount of toxic substances. Latest block intracellular enzyme system, which causes tissue necrosis. Thus there is still such a negative process as the blockage of the capillaries of the microbial cells.

The infection can Occur not only through wounds but also through the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, pathological childbirth, or when mating.

Spreads throughout the body the virus is hematogenous through the blood. As a result, in the tissues occur secondary lesions. In addition, due to the penetration of the virus into the blood, develops septicaemia and the formation of metastases necrotic lesions in heart, liver and lungs. If the disease enters this phase, treatment is usually futile. In the formation of metastasis necrobacillosis of cattle goes into a malignant form and animal in most cases dies. Immunity in cows who have had this disease, unfortunately, is almost non-existent.

In some cases, the animal may be infected with

Infection with necrobacillosis in cattle often occurs:

  • Because of the unsanitary conditions in the barn;
  • In compliance with the provisions of the periodicity of preventive hoof trimming;
  • Due to shortcomings in the equipment barn (in much shorter stalls, in the absence of the animal litter);
  • The result of chronic acidosis scar.

Source of infection

Provided the causative agent of necrobacillosis in the environment with the feces, saliva and urine of infected animals. Also this virus is contained in the purulent discharge.

On the farm, the causative agent of necrobacillosis often falls with acquired patients with rearing birds or manufacturers. Some time after infection the first animal infection in the barn becomes stationary. If measures for the treatment of cattle in time will not be accepted, pathological processes heavier due to repeated transfer of bacteria from one individual to another.

The disease necrobacillosis in cattle in the barn is uneven, with a small epizootic outbreaks (infected serialanimals).

Clinical picture

Is the incubation period of necrobacillosis in a few days. Signs of this contagious disease depend on many factors. For example, such as the age of the animal, the form of manifestation of necrobacillosis and the particularities of its course. This disease can be acute or chronic and benign or malignant.

There are three main forms of necrobacillosis:

  • Limb (hoof);
  • Mucous membranes, and skin;
  • Internal organs.

The Most common is foot necrobacillosis in cattle. Photos of typical lesions appearing in this disease, is presented below on the page. Most often in cattle in this form of the disease attacks the back limbs (or one of them). Begins this necrobacillosis usually with redness Milpitas the cracks. In the next stage of the disease appear bleeding purulent wounds, fistulas and abscesses. The animal experiences extreme discomfort and holds the affected limb in weight. During the examination revealed swelling of the joint, hoof phalanges. With further development of the disease there is a failure of ligaments, bones and tendons. If the process takes a malignant character, the animal will start to hurt and overlying the joints – up to the hip.

necrobacillosis in cattle photo

Have a body Temperature of infected individuals may rise to 42 gr. Sometimes it also remains in the normal range. Suffer from necrobacillosis limbs mostly only adult cows and bulls. In calves, this form appears very rarely.

When necrobacillosis mucous membranes and skin lesions are observed most often in the torso area, usually in the posterior part. The juveniles also may be purulent necrosis of the mucous membranes of the mouth, gums, trachea, tongue, nose, throat, digestive tract, etc.

Necrobacillosis of internal organs in cattle manifests itself most often by abscess of the liver. Thus the characteristic clinical signs are usually not observed. But the animals themselves who have contracted this form of necrobacillosis, feel is very important – do not eat, quickly lose weight, significantly reduce the productivity, groaning while trying to stand up. When necrobacillosis internal organs, among other things, of a cow can greatly increase the body temperature.

Diagnostics

In Addition to the symptomatic signs of necrobacillosis in cattle (photo of the agent represented below) can be determined by laboratory tests. Such testing should be required. The fact that the clinical picture of the disease can be similar to other common infections of cattle. This can be, for example, foot and mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis , virus diarrhea, plague or dermatophilus. Also in the diagnosis of necrobacillosis should be excluded arthritis of different etiology, erosion, ulcer, hooves, dermatitis.

necrobacillosis in cattle

How exactly is this determined disease necrobacillosis in cattle? Diagnosis is usually performed on the selected piece of the affected tissue necrosis, taken at the border with a healthy plot. In the laboratory this material was placed in a special environment (most often, Kitt, Tarozzi with 10% serum) and incubated for two days at 37 ° C. To determine the associated microflora to further carry out research on MPB and MPA. The final diagnosis animals placed in the case, if smears detected the causative agent.

Necrobacillosis in cattle: treatment with antibiotics

To Take action if you notice signs of this disease should immediately. Otherwise, the pathological changes may be irreversible. Treatment of necrobacillosis in the complex. While in large farms used group techniques and small – individual. In the treatment of dairy cows are only used drugs, not passing into the milk.

During the installation of cattle such a diagnosis as necrobacillosis, perform the following Wellness activities:

  • Do a thorough chemical treatment of affected areas with a tissue removal.
  • Conduct flushing wounds hydrogen peroxide solution furatsilina, etc.
  • Apply liquid and powder antiseptic preparations.

Anaerobic bacteria, including Fusobacterium necrophorum, always form a barrier between the vascular bed and damaged tissues. And this, in turn, greatly hampers the penetration of drugs. So antibiotics in the treatment of necrobacillosis is used in high doses. In addition to tetracyclines, the most effective drugs of all used in this disease, otnosyat:

  • Levomitsetin;
  • Ampicillin;
  • Erythromycin;
  • Penicillin;
  • Telain.

For the treatment of such diseases as necrobacillosis in cattle the cows can be used for modern antibacterial drug broad-spectrum. For local use are good including aerosol antibiotics on the basis of the above drugs. They are used mainly for the treatment of hooves after dry cleaning.

disease necrobacillosis in cattle

Limitations in the farms at the outbreak of necrobacillosis

With detection in animals of this disease on the farmtake the following steps:

  • Isolate infected animals from the herd;
  • Hooves healthy bulls and cows is treated in a disinfecting foot bath;
  • Produce treatment of sick animals as described above.

If the treatment, due to the neglect of necrobacillosis, impractical, cows and bulls surrender to sanitary slaughter.

What you need to know

Unfortunately, necrobacillosis in cattle – the disease is contagious, including to humans. Cases of infection of the personnel of the farms this infection is rare, but not to take into account the existing risk is not worth it. To eliminate the possibility of infection working on the farm people, at the outbreak of necrobacillosis of cattle should:

  • Required to observe the rules of personal hygiene when working with sick animals (wear protective clothing and gloves after work to take a shower);
  • All existing skin wounds need time to process effective antiseptic.

In a room for farm staff must attend first aid kit with all the necessary according to the standards drugs.

necrobacillosis in cattle vaccine

Prevention of necrobacillosis

A Number held in advance of the events helps to prevent the outbreak of dangerous diseases such as necrobacillosis in cattle. A vaccine to prevent this disease can be used polyvalent, emulsified, and VIEW or “Nekovar”. In the farms located near the affected with necrobacillosis farms, among other things, should be taken the following measures:

  • Staff of the farm should be carried out events aimed at the General strengthening of the organism of animals. For this, first and foremost, balancing is animal feed. In the diet of cows, bulls and calves obligatory introduce a variety of vitamin and mineral supplements. In addition, carefully monitor the quality of the feed.
  • Carry out actions aimed at improving conditions for the animals on the farm. Manure in the stalls must clean thoroughly and on time. Also if you suspect a possible infection with necrobacillosis, all facilities should be required to inspect for the presence of hazardous items.
  • Clean and dry up the pastures and backyard playgrounds.

In Addition, should periodically be carried out on the farm when the outbreak of diseases such as necrobacillosis in cattle, disinfection. In order to reduce the possible risks of losing livestock to a minimum, you must also run timely prevention and treatment of endometritis and mastitis. The fact that these diseases can greatly complicate the course of necrobacillosis.

necrobacillosis in cattle in cows

How to deal with meat and milk

Necrobacillosis in cattle farms causes significant damage primarily due to the lower productivity of sick animals. When the local pathological process for recycling was sent only to the affected parts of the carcass of a cow or bull. If the disease proceeded asepticheski, all slaughter products burn. If the animal affected several internal organs, but the carcass has a sufficient degree of fatness, the decision on the use of meat as food or for sale is taken after thorough microbiological examination in the laboratory.

The skins of animals with a history of necrobacillosis, dried in isolated areas, disinfect according to the instructions and implement. Milk sick cows to eat only after pasteurization carried out according to the rules. From healthy animals even with a dysfunctional farm it is allowed to sell freely.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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