Animals of agricultural. Livestock farms and complexes

Agriculture in our country today, unfortunately, is a pretty heavy post-crisis situation. And if growing, albeit slowly, but still continues to develop, the animal is in serious decline. This is due to many reasons. However, to rectify the situation is still possible. This requires the use of new technologies in the keeping and breeding of animals, and also to take care of reconstruction and modernization of old agricultural systems.

What animals bred in Russia?

Small farms and large agricultural complexes can have very different specializations. But most often agricultural companies and entrepreneurs are getting a divorce these types of farm animals, such as:

• Pig;

• Cattle (cattle);

• Small cattle (sheep and goats);

• Rabbits meat and skurkovich rocks.

In each case, a particular technology of breeding and care. All listed agricultural animals characterized by good productivity and relative ruggedness for feed and care.

Features of the content cows

The Profitability of farms and farms engaged in breeding cattle depends largely on the following factors:

1. The Correct choice of breed. most Often on farms are dairy cows. Representatives of these breeds are able to give during the period of lactation up to 5-6 thousand liters of milk. There are, of course, meat species of cows. Such animals with proper breed can also be quite profitable. Their main value is very delicious, juicy, usually called "marble" (with thin streaks of fat) meat.

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2. The Development of a suitable diet. the Main food of cows are, of course, grass and hay in the winter. However these animals should also be sure to feed root vegetables, grains, bran and feed. Diet includes meat and bone meal, yeast, various vitamin and mineral supplements.

3. Arrangement of a suitable barn. the Barn for these animals needs to be carefully planned. Per cow expected to take at least 6 m² area. These agricultural animals must be contained in individual machines-stalls. With this along the aisle set the trough and shelves. For milking, feeding and watering is economically justified use of special equipment.

Features of the pigs

In this case, at first, it is also important to pay attention to the breed. The breeding of pigs, because they differ in maturity and fecundity, with the right approach to business can be a occupation really very beneficial. Because these animals are not only rapid weight gain, but also maturity, and fecundity. Just sows you can sometimes get one Farrow to 14 cubs. Raising these animals for about six months. During this time, the weight of pigs increases from 15 to 22 times.

Of Course, the profitability of pig farms is primarily determined by the correct organization of production. In this case, excludes diseases of agricultural animals and increasing their productivity.

At present, farmers are grown meat, bacon and greasy pigs. The latter are characterized by simplicity and quickly gain weight. The breeding of bacon and meat breeds allows you to earn income by selling a very high quality expensive meat. In Russia today, is diluted about 30 breeds of pigs. In any case, you should choose the one that best adapted to the climate in the specific area.

Features of the organization of the pigsty

In the preparation of the project of the barn for these farm animals the emphasis should be on minimizing the manual work and maintain cleanliness. Floors in modern houses usually make a sloped (for drainage of urine and liquid feces). Near the barn while this special equipment is installed — septic tanks. A prerequisite for successful pigs are also the arrangement of ventilation and good lighting.

The barn is divided into several parts: for adult animals, calves and sows. Sometimes equip a place of slaughter. But most animals gained sufficient weight, still pass to the slaughterhouse.

Feeding the pigs

For rapid weight gain of these animals agricultural needs to feed the following types:

• Rough — grass and grass meal;

• Juicy — root crops (potato, beetroot);

• Concentrated   grains.

Feeding of farm animals in this group are arranged so that they receive more protein. Therefore, the main emphasis in the diet do grains. Pigs can be given oats, wheat, barley, etc. Include in the diet and starchy feed — beet bagasse, molasses. Their use helps to improve the digestibility of grain by animals.

Features of the content of the CRM

Such types of agricultural animals asgoats and sheep, domestic farmers are also popular. It is believed that their breeding can be quite profitable. The keeping of these animals is grazing or stall-pasture. The first technique is commonly practiced in warm regions.

In cold climates, sheep and goats often contains stabling-pasture method. But in this case, sometimes the practice of winter pastures for grazing.

Feeding goats

Space used for keeping goats and sheep, in order to avoid cold-related diseases in animals in cold weather is usually insulated with straw. Feed goats and sheep from the manger, and the jaws continue to fall until the snow cover reaches 10-15 cm When the content in the pen as the primary feed used hay. Also goats and sheep give the prepared brooms made of branches of deciduous trees. Of course, should obtain these agricultural animals and concentrated feed. It can be grains, feed, bran.

How contain rabbits

Farming in our country, unfortunately, practically is not developed. Farm animals like dairy cows, pigs and sheep, bred from a very long time and traditionally. The content of rabbit is mainly engaged in only small-scale farmers. Meanwhile, the farming of these animals can be a lesson, really attractive. Rabbit meat is considered unique because it does not contain cholesterol. Hence its high cost. Breed rabbits very quickly.

The Lack of maintenance of these animals on farms is but little difficulty in nursing. A serious danger to rabbits represent an infectious disease. When faults may be very large attack. The basic rule of content in this case is the cleanliness in cages or aviaries.

Rabbits Fed the same than other farm animals. The main emphasis is on forage (grass, hay, brooms).

Animal farm: features of the organization

Of Course, for breeding farm animals in the first place, you should build a corral, shed, cowshed or pigsty. However, farms and large agricultural enterprises usually represent entire systems, which, among other things, may include:

• Water supply and Sewerage;

• Driveways.

• Veterinary items;

• Quarantine cells;

• The exercise yards;

• Greenery.

The Water line will be brought to the barns, the stables, etc. usually from stand-alone wells in trenches at a depth below the frost penetration. For the distribution of water they are connected to special equipment. In most cases, the animal farm is equipped with primitive sanitation. When choosing a septic tanks and arrangement of drainage systems it is important to calculate the amount of waste.

Veterinary items can be arranged usually only in large farms. Small farmers, if necessary, invite experts from nearby settlements. Quarantine and isolation shall be in each farm. Animals are put here not only in cases of suspected contagious disease, but immediately after purchase. The latter measure allows to avoid the spread of possible infection to the herd of sheep, goats or cows. Green spaces are used to protect the site from winds and protect it from skidding.