Weapons In the world are not so many samples that has become a legend. Epic Damascus sword was replaced by the Kalashnikov. The hand gripping the AKM became the same symbol of victory, as depicted earlier, the hand holding the sword.
The Era of modern weapons can be counted from the First world war. The world entered it with magazine rifles of immense power and range of fire. Military doctrines drew dense chains of infantry who get close to bayonet and leading a counter-fire. The range depended on the power of the cartridge and barrel length. All armies of the world armed with rifles, caliber from 7.5 to 9 mm long cartridge containing the necessary charge of powder. In addition to the Japanese. Cartridge rifle "Arisaka" was a caliber of six millimeters and a smaller powder charge. The experience of fighting the First world crossed the old stereotypes. It became apparent the need for less powerful small arms to fire in automatic mode. Soviet designers made a bet on the Japanese cartridge by developing several samples of automatic weapons based on it. However, as the use of a pistol round, it was a half-measure.
Work on the cartridge lower power and weight was conducted by the military of many countries. But for a radical change of the main consumables of the war lacked confidence in the correct choice and willingness to take risks. The army leadership preferred to balance the heavy automatic rifles with rifle cartridge, and submachine gun, which had a modest performance. A decisive step was made by the Germans by putting into service the intermediate cartridge caliber 7.92 × 33 mm, and by creating under him in 1943 sample, marked the beginning of a new class of small arms — machines.
The Germans call their new product "sturmgewehr", which meant "assault rifle". The turning point in the war StG-44 is not caused. Didn't even leave vivid impressions in memoirs of participants of war. But it allowed all stakeholders to see the advantages and disadvantages of the new system at the site, and on the battlefield. The Soviet machine created on the basis of domestic intermediate cartridge, has named AK-47. The caliber remained the same as the rest of the small arms.
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The Soviet intermediate cartridge was created in 1943. Then began designing weapons near him, including the future author of the AK-47. The caliber of the bullet is allowed to use familiar manufacturing standards. In addition to Kalashnikov, the work was conducted in several design offices. The first Soviet machine was as-44, construction bolt carrier tilt. Military tests revealed its weaknesses and raised the need to consider new models, one of which was the predecessor of the AK-47/7,62 mm.
In Addition to Mikhail Kalashnikov, representing his group, created samples offered and other designers. Machines all domestic developers close to each other in General appearance and have similarities with StG-44, what often accuse the AK-47. The caliber of all the Soviet machines match the new intermediate cartridge, under which they were created. Kalashnikov designed his weapon, having not only created Schmeisser layout, but also on the experience of the Soviet developers offering similar options. Despite the closeness of appearance to the German sturmgewehr, the mechanism of the machine is built on a different principle and is not a clone or design development Schmeisser. The AK-47 proved to be more successful of their competitors, though not without flaws. In 1949 he was adopted by the Soviet army in the infantry and airborne version. In the future, based on the design of the machine was created a line of machine guns for use in infantry formations and armored vehicles.
The Main feature of the machine is the balance of its properties. Probably, in this evident design talent. Ability to prioritize, as did Kalashnikov. The AK-47 incorporates the already known and previously tested solutions. Embodied in the product, they led to the creation of a new quality. The basis of design solutions is rotating in the receiver under the influence of the energy of powder gases the shutter. This is a pretty massive piece of mechanism, made from one piece of metal. All the automation provided by its reciprocating movement in the receiver, which occurs and extraction of the spent cartridge case and docil in the trunk of a new cartridge from the store. At each point of its trajectory the shutter takes place at a certain angle, specified by design. And every turn means performing some action. Heavy bolt demanded a solid steel box and a powerful suction mechanism. Free sliding and rotation of the shutter is allowed to leave sufficiently large tolerances between the parts. All these features led to the emergence of a very simple control, durable, reliable, not sensitive to contamination of weapons. The parameters of simplicity and reliability inherent in AK, have become the standard for designersweapons.
The Ministry of war brought a lot of comments to the new machine. Weapon determined its strengths and weaknesses. Heavy bolt and high power gas piston created tangible benefits, takes the gun off the line of aim when firing bursts. This problem identified in the period of the competition, still reproached already honored machine. But to overcome it failed in any of the subsequent modifications made by the classical scheme. The AK-47 weighed about four pounds at the curb. This weight was also seen as a drawback that you need to strive to overcome. The problem was solved with the transition to the reduced caliber of the cartridge in the following versions.
Arguments about the advantages and disadvantages are somewhat academic. A decade of wars showed that there is a Kalashnikov. Combat experience in all climatic and natural zones in the hands of professional soldiers and irregular militia made this weapon a legend. Reliability, fire power, strength and reliability often determined the choice in favor of this weapon. The soldier had no doubt that if he is in any part of the world with this gun in his hand, his weapon will fire. In Arctic cold and tropical swamp. In a dust storm in the sticky mud of the trench. Monolithic stopper is cast by the gas piston, find their way into and through frozen butter, and using Packed sand. Durable receiver will keep the geometry even when overheating of the barrel will light up the forearm. The weapon does not jam and will not warp. The gun will fire always and in all conditions. It is this feature of Kalashnikov's automatic machine leaves its competitors behind. The rest depends on the fighter. In the hands of a trained shooter "Kalashnikov" shows excellent results in precision fire. In the hands of inexperienced irregular he spews a barrage of lead until, until you run out of ammunition.
The Transition to a new type of rifle system coincided with the re-equipment of the countries of socialist orientation and the collapse of the colonial system. Simple and reliable Kalashnikov, whose price was not too high, came to the court in all situations. Before the advent of the American M-16 rifles, he had virtually no competitors in its class. This ensured its wide distribution in the world. In the years of the Vietnam war machine was delivered to the armed forces in the Viet Cong. Then he was found on the battlefield with American development. "Kalashnikov" has withstood comparison with those weapons. It is reliability, dependability, fire power appeared obvious advantages. The best patterning, most effective range of the American rifles are not so strongly influenced by the combat effectiveness of soldiers, like her moodiness, tendency to interrupt fire due to contamination, and its grooming requirements. The highest feature of the Kalashnikov assault rifle echoed in all forms of military conflicts.
In the future, the machine has undergone improvements, the AKM was replaced by the troops of the AK-47. The caliber is the modern version of this weapon has changed. AK-74 uses ammunition caliber 5.45 mm, which reduced the weight of the machine. The principle of operation of automatics, the overall design, legendary reliability and firepower remained unchanged, and that distinguishes a Kalashnikov. The market price of weapons remains in the affordable range.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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