About what is Napalm, many Soviet people know only in the sixties, watching television coverage of the warring Vietnam. Terrible burns, injured and dead children, burning cities and villages have caused fair indignation. Even shot from afar, an airstrike looked terrible. Over jungle “Phantom” or “Skyhawk" went on the combat course, at some point, his belly was separated a large cigar-shaped tank, like additional fuel capacity, it randomly tumbled until then, not yet touched the ground, then burst, and from it flowed the sea of fire from which there was no escape… In General, Napalm is a terrible weapon.
In all that relates to ways to kill their own kind, people show ingenuity, which definitely deserves a better application. The first step to improve the efficiency of the murder, in addition to rapid-fire infantry and artillery weapons were flamethrowers, portable, stationary and mounted on special tanks. The idea is simple: a flammable liquid like water from a hose should be directed at the enemy. But in this simple case lurked a catch. First, you need to get, and secondly, to complicate the process of clearing. Gasoline is all good, but burns fast. Try to ignite diesel fuel. You need some kind of a substance to ease of ignition singled out a lot of heat for a long time. By 1942 this task was in General resolved by experts at Harvard University working in the group of Dr. L. Fisera task USACC (chemical corps of the us army). The Japanese, holding the defense of Tinian, learned what the Napalm. However, talking about it could not all of them.
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General technological idea was to add to the main fuel substance ingredients, slow-burning, increases the viscosity and increases the ability to stick. Very well suitable for this purpose is rubber, it is sticky and viscous, and dissolves perfectly, and burns, but painful road. Here is a mixture of salts of palmitic acids and naftalinovogo was very successful. The composition of Napalm and gave it a name, it has nothing to do with the Russian word “burn”, and is formed from the first letters of the chemical additives that make regular gasoline much more deadly.
The result of the efforts of the developers was a substance, its consistency more or less thick, until zheleobraznogo. The combustion temperature reached eight degrees Celsius. Additives was about a tenth of the total volume. It was successfully used in Europe in battles with German troops and their allies, and in the Pacific theater against the Japanese.
Progress is unstoppable, particularly in the area of weapons. Here in education and medicine… But now not about it.
By the beginning of the Korean war, the composition of Napalm was supplemented with new components that significantly improve its effectiveness. First, improved chemical stability upon prolonged storage, eliminating the possibility of separation of fractions. Secondly, burn it became much brighter and hotter (up to 1500 °C). And thirdly, most importantly - this product is able to stick to everything. If some object to pour water or sprinkled with snow, it is even better (i.e., worse for the subject). The composition of Napalm included alkali metals, which are known from the school course of chemistry, in contact with moisture explode. As a thickener in the "Napalm-B" is a conventional polystyrene dissolved in benzene. All this infernal mixture together with sodium or potassium is added to gasoline, is mixed and you're done. Even steel burns. By the way, and inexpensive.
Against the so-called Viet Cong (National liberation front), the US army used almost the entire Arsenal with the exception of weapons of mass destruction. However, knowing and understanding what Napalm is, it's hard to give up the idea that it can be attributed to this category. For the substance is immaterial, whether in the area of its application a hundred, a thousand or more living beings, it would burn all it will get. For this reason, in 1980, the UN endorsed the Convention banning Napalm. The use of incendiary weapons was viewed as a barbaric method of warfare. But not all heeded the quiet voice of reason. But this had only to present himself or someone from his family under a Napalm shower. Probably fancy enough, not all…
The Convention on the prohibition of the use of Napalm was attended by 99 countries, more than half of all represented in the UN. Among them are Russia (then the RSFSR), Ukraine (USSR), Belarus (BSSR) and the whole of Europe (San Marino and Andorra don't have armies, so in the process restrictions of lethal force was not involved). The countries that were at war or waiting for her from signing or ratifying abstained. Among them the US, Israel, Turkey, Republic of Korea, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sudan, Nigeria and some others. After the collapse of the USSR, four former republics (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan)also not acceded to the Convention (the third Protocol).
Napalm was Used by the Salvadoran army (civil war, 1984), Argentina (Falklands, 1982), Iraq (against the forces of Iran, 1980), as well as the United Kingdom and the United States (during the “desert Storm” 1991). As is often the case in war, the strikes were not accurate enough, why hurt civilians.
Looking for a good brand manufacturers sometimes use words well known to the inhabitants, but in a different context. For example, the means for the control of cockroaches once called “Koba" (the party name of Stalin), referring, obviously, his ruthless enemies. Among other samples of household chemicals can be detected and "Napalm" from weeds. It is, if you believe the advertising of the annotation, an efficient herbicide, a real boon for farmers and owners of summer cottages. Its main advantage, like real Napalm is a strong retention of the substance on the surface of plants and resistance to chemicals. How ethical this name? About how to judge consumers. Perhaps not all already remember about the Vietnam war.
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UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/b-znes/27647-scho-take-napalm-zastosuvannya-sklad-napalmu.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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