The C-125 «Neva» – anti-aircraft missile system (ADMS) short-range, manufactured in the USSR. Export version of the complex named ‘Pechora”. In NATO it is called SA-3 Goa. On arms of the USSR the complex was passed in 1961. The main developer of the SAM was made by NPO "Almaz" named after Raspletin. Today we will look at the history of SAM «Neva» and its technical characteristics.
Anti-aircraft missile system was part of the air defense of the USSR and was intended for protection of objects of industrial and military infrastructure from attacks of all types of air attack flying at medium and low altitudes. He can hit bombers, fighters, multirole aircraft and cruise missiles with a scattering efficiency greater than 0.2 m2.
SAM Development began in the NGO “Diamond” in 1956, in response to the creation of aircraft, efficiently operating at low altitudes. Terms of reference for the development of a complex suggested the possibility of neutralization of the purposes flying on height from 0.2 to 5 km, in the range of from 6 to 10 km at a speed of 1500 km/h In the first tests, the complex was working with the rocket 5В24. This tandem proved to be not effective, therefore, in the task introduced an additional requirement – adjust it for the new rocket 5В27, unified marine complex "Wave. This solution allows to significantly improve the performance characteristics (performance characteristics) of the system. In 1961 the complex was accepted into service under the designation s-125 «Neva».
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In the future the system more than once been modified. Its membership has included hardware for anti-interference MSRD, sight targets, diversion of PI, identification, sound control, and also setup remote display SRC. Thanks to the improvement of design, SAM was able to neutralize targets at a distance up to 17 miles.
In 1964, a modernized version of SAM was adopted under the name s-125 «Neva-M». Export version of the installation called “Pechora”. Since 1969 deliveries began of the complex in the States of the Warsaw Pact. Just a year later, to deliver the s-125 began in other countries, in particular Afghanistan, Angola, Algeria, Hungary, Bulgaria, India, Korea, Cuba, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia, Peru, Syria and many others. In the same 1964 the arms were adopted 5В27 missile, developed by MKB “the Torch.
In 1980 was the second and last attempt of modernization of the complex. As part of modernization, designers have proposed:
Because of fears that the revision of «Neva» prevent the production of new s-300P, described the proposals were rejected. Currently, a version of the complex under the designation C-125-2, or “Pechora-2”.
The System consists of anti-aircraft missile complex, anti-aircraft guided missiles and engineering notation.
SAM includes the following tools:
The Complex dual missiles and a single channel at a target. The object of the enemy can be induced from two missiles. Additionally, SAM can work the radar means to detect and target models P-12 or P-15. Funds complex located in semi-trailers and trailers, and the link between them is via cables.
With such tasks as creating low-altitude missile system, asked the designers of unusual solutions. Hence, such an unusual appearance antenna installation.
To hit the target, which is at a distance of 10 km and flies at a speed of 420 m/s, at an altitude of 200 m, it is necessary to launch a rocket at the moment when the goal will be at a distance of 17 km from the property And the capture and tracking of targets you need to start and at a distance of 24 km. In this case, the detection range of such a low-level targets should be between 32 to 35 km, given the time required for the DF homing. In this situation, the elevation of the target at the time of detection is only 0.3°, and the capture on auto tracking – about 0.5°. At such small angles reflected from the ground radar signal guidance station exceeds the signal reflected from the target. To reduce this effect, s-125 outfitted with two antenna systems. The first of them is not scanning, it is responsible for the reception and transmission. And the second – a scanning - performs only reception.
When operating at low altitudes transmitting antenna mounted on a 1°. The transmitter in this case irradiates the surface of the earth only the lateral petals of the diagram of the antenna. This reduces reflected from the earth dozens of times. To improve the accuracy of the tracking that is associated with the emergence of “mirror" (represents the interference between direct and multipath from the ground of the target signals), the receiving antennas of the two planes are rotated by 45° to the horizontal. Because of this antenna post SAM and gets its characteristic appearance.
Another problem related to low altitude target enemy – the construction of sdts (selector of moving targets), which could effectively distinguish the target signal, among a powerful signal reflections from the ground and all sorts of clutter. This was created chartperiod wichitahouse device operating on solid of ulz (ultrasonic delay lines).
The Parameters specified sdts greatly surpass the parameters of all existing radars operating with pulse radiation. The suppression of interference arising from passive objects reaches 33-36 dB. To stabilize the repetition periods of the probing pulses, the synchronizer adapts the delay line. Later it turned out that this solution is one of the drawbacks of the station, as it does not allow to change the frequency of repetition for the purpose of detuning from pulse interference. To compensate for active interference was provided for the system frequency jump of the transmitter arising in the case, if the disturbance exceeds specified level.
Anti-aircraft guided missile (AAGM) 5В27 developed in ICD “Torch”, was two-staged and built on the aerodynamic configuration «Duck». The first stage of the rocket consists of a solid propellant booster; four stabilizers that drop down after start; and a pair of aerodynamic surfaces located on the coupling cover and is necessary to reduce the flight speed of the accelerator after the division steps. Immediately after the partition of the degrees of the surface data takes place, which leads to intensive rotation, the gap stabilizing consoles and, finally, the deceleration of the accelerator and its subsequent erratic fall.
The Second step Suhr also has a solid engine. Its design consists of a set of compartments, which are: control units, radio controlled fuses, military high-explosive part, onboard equipment, motor and receiver commands.
Control the trajectory of the rocket and pointing it at a target by means of radio, served with ground radar guidance. Undermining the warhead occurs when approaching missiles to enemy targets to an appropriate distance by a radio controlled fuses. It is also possible to undermine the team from the guidance station.
Starting coritel works from two to four seconds, and March – up to 20 C. the Time required for the self-liquidation of the rocket – 49 p. Permissible overload maneuver-ZOR is 6 units. The rocket operates in a wide temperature range-from -40° to +50°C.
When the arms were taken missiles 601П, designers began to work on expanding the anti-missile system. Their tasks included the following changes: shelling targets moving at a speed of 2500 km/h, lose transonic (moving at a speed close to the speed of sound) targets at altitude up to 18 km, as well as increasing noise immunity and probability of impact.
In the process of technology development was established following modifications missiles:
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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