Floating nuclear power plants in Russia - project of the domestic designers to create mobile small-size plants. Participate in the development of the state Corporation "Rosatom", the company "Baltic plant", "Small power" and several other organizations.
In the early stages of industry development of atomic energy was considered mainly in relation to the military industry. However, in the past few decades all the more evident become the advantages of mobile sources, suitable for operation in remote and undeveloped areas. To a greater extent change of priorities was due to the development of nuclear technologies for civil purposes, the installation of reactors on military ships, icebreakers, submarines.
For the First time, mobile units began to use the United States. They provides energy to the Panama canal and the American research base in Antarctica.
Relatively recently, the media asked the question of whether a floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea. The opinions on this are different. However, statements from the Corporation, which is coordinating the program, regarding this issue were reported. Some experts say that the floating nuclear power plant in the Crimea is not needed. Explain their position, they fact that such installations are designed for operation in remote, inaccessible areas. The supply of the Peninsula may be done in other ways. For example, the power bridge being built from the mainland.
According to the Federal target program "energy efficient economy" for 2002-2005 and in prospect till 2010 a tender was held for the creation of low-power PAES. In mid-may of 2006, the winner was the company "Sevmash". In 2007, the rector of the Nizhny Novgorod gatehouseite and the Federal atomic energy Agency have agreed that the Institute will act as the base institution for the education of professionals. In 2008, the project coordinators declared that some of the orders for the units and components will be transferred to the Baltic plant. However, the plant "Sevmash" later announced that the floating NPP will be commissioned 5 months later than planned. In this regard, the Baltic factory was transferred to the order in full.
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As announced in 2010, Deputy head of "Rosenergoatom" Sergey Zavyalov, the first floating nuclear power plant was created in accordance with the schedule. Availability was planned for the end of 2012, and the conclusion is in operation expected in 2013. In June 2010 was launched the first unit. It happened at the Baltic shipyard. But at that time, the turbogenerator and the reactor were not installed. Installation work was expected to be done on a floating unit. In September 2011, a positive conclusion of the ecological expertise has received the project in Pevek. Currently, he is at the stage of justification of investments. At the end of September - beginning of October 2013, steam generating blocks weighing 220 tonnes, released project the company to them. Afrikantov, were transferred to the outfitting quay from the shed of the sixth workshop of the Baltic plant. There in the presence of representatives of the "Rosenergoatom" floating crane they were immersed in the reactor compartments. In accordance with the terms of the contract, the St. Petersburg factory must submit the PEB prepared for transportation to the operation site, 9 Sep 2016 Latest news about floating nuclear power plant indicate that it should be fully operational in 2018.
In a series of mobile transportable units of low power is considered the main floating NPP "Academician Lomonosov". Maximum power is 70 MW. The plant includes two reactors KLT-40C. The chief designer is JSC "OKBM them. Afrikantov". This company is a major manufacturer and supplier of the reactor equipment. It, in particular, include pumps, treatment units of fuel, the CPS, auxiliary machine and so on. Floating NPP "Academician Lomonosov" is based on the production unit used in icebreakers, tested for continuous operation in Arctic conditions.
Performed by companies and research institutes of Rosatom project activities showed the possibility of building on the basis of already mastered ship reactors energy sources qualitatively new class. They will be used for the production of desalinated water, electricity, domestic and industrial heat. It is assumed the spread of floating nuclear power plants with a capacity from 3.5 to 70 MW and more. They are intended to provide port cities, large industrial enterprises, producing oil and gas complexes in the offshore area.
Transportable nuclear power plants are stand-alone objects. They are entirely at the shipyard as a self-propelled vessel. The finished installation are transported by sea or river to the site of operation. The customer gets an object in working condition. Floating nuclear power plants include a range of premises and complete infrastructureproviding accommodation of the personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of the installation. Thus, manufacturer and supplier fulfills the order "turnkey". The construction at the factory provides the maximum reduction of construction time. Along with that, the Russian floating nuclear power plant meets all international requirements for quality and safety.
Floating nuclear power plants best suited to operate in remote areas along the banks of rivers or seas, remote from the Central supply systems. In Russia it is primarily the Far East and far North. In these regions there is no single energy system. Here is necessary economically acceptable and reliable sources of supply. Currently need a few dozen low-power stations costs in these regions are very serious. Commissioning of installations will stimulate economic activity and to ensure an adequate standard of living for the population.
Floating nuclear power plant meets all international ecological requirements. The fuel enrichment does not exceed the maximum level for adherence to non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Since operation is expected in the coastal zone of the oceans, quite relevant is the question of the sustainability of the installation exposed to extreme environmental factors (tornadoes, tsunamis, etc.).
"OKMB the company" has a complex of innovative technologies, by which the floating nuclear power plant will withstand any dynamic load specified in the project. A guideline for the installation is created with a certain "margin of safety". It exceeds the maximum possible load in the area of operation. For example, provides the probability of impact of a tsunami wave, a collision with the shore facility or other vessel. After 40 years of operation, the head-unit floating nuclear plant will be replaced with a new one. The old technology will be returned to the company for recycling. During operation and upon its completion at the site where it was installed floating power plant (nuclear) there will be no environmentally hazardous waste. Repairs and refueling will be carried out in terms of existing domestic specialized enterprises. They have all the necessary equipment and qualified personnel involved.
At the moment there are many articles on the subject. Many of them are some of the development of a number of leading research and design institutes. For example, in 2015, covered the concept of scientists from the technological Institute of Massachusetts. It is believed that floating nuclear power plants (installation photos can be seen in the article) is one of the most promising options for the supply of settlements, which are insufficient resources in the coastal zone. The concept of combined two known technologies. In particular discusses the design of a nuclear reactor and deep-sea oil platform.
Article in other languages:
AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/business/7824-npp.html
HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/business/7829-akademik-crimea.html
JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/business/7826-akademik-lomonosov.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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