Nikolai Martynov, killed in a duel Lermontov: biography

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2018-03-26 08:40:14

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In Just 4 years, shook Russia after the death of Pushkin has taken place a duel between Mikhail Lermontov and a retired major Nikolai Martynov. As a result, the poet was killed and the second participant of the fight escaped with a three-month detention and sacramental. Although the latter Lermontov's duel ended in his death, took place over 175 years ago, is still tense debate about whether N. Sergei Martynov shot a man who fired a gun into the air, i.e. committed the murder.

 Nikolay Martynov

Origins

To better understand the motives of human actions, the bullet that put an end to a short biography of Mikhail Lermontov, one should find out about its origin.

So, N. Martynov was a native of Moscow noblemen. His grandfather made his fortune in wine-farming, i.e., for a fee, acquired from the state the right to levy tax on drinking establishments what is extremely successful. In the late 18th century it was thought that aristocrats ought not to do such things. However, Michael I. although very shy, as you would say today, of business, however, wished that his son followed in his footsteps, as it gave a steady income. He called out his name, unusual for men of his class. Thus, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov, the nationality of which immediately after the death of Lermontov became the subject of speculation, is undoubtedly the Russian.

Parents and children

Father Martynov Solomon Mikhailovich Martynov was promoted to the rank of councillor of state and died in 1839. His wife Elizabeth M. was descended from a noble family Tarnowski. All in the family Martynovs had eight children: 4 sons and 4 daughters. They, especially boys, received an excellent education, had enough money to feel at ease in the environment of Golden youth, and was distinguished by an attractive appearance.

Nikolai Martynov was born in 1815 and was only a year younger than Lermontov. From childhood he had a talent for literary work and soon began to write poetry, imitating the famous poets of his time.

the last duel of Lermontov

Study

In 1831, Nikolai Martynov enrolled in the School guard sub-ensigns and cavalry cadets. There's also a year later, proved to be Lermontov. The latter was forced to file a petition for withdrawal from the Moscow University because of trouble with one of the professors, and in St. Petersburg did not want to go because there he was offered a re-start training from the first course.

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The Nikolaev cavalry school, in which young people, was one of the most famous in Russia. It was only open to nobles after teaching at the University or in private boarding houses who had no military training. While studying Lermontov and Nikolai Martynov Solomonovich times together were engaged in fencing espadron and was quite familiar with. In addition, the poet was presented to many members of the family Martynov, and the brother of Nicholas — Michael — was his classmate. Subsequently also wrote that one of the sisters of Nicholas even became partly a prototype for Princess Mary. It is known that the mother Martynov extremely unflattering remarks about Lermontov for his stinging jokes, but her son was in awe of the poetic talent of his friend at school.

Service

After graduating, Nikolai Martynov was sent to serve in the prestigious at that time a cavalry regiment, which during the same period was an officer of the Dantes. During the Caucasian war, he, like many members of his generation, went as a volunteer to the front in the hope to become famous and to return to the capital in the ranks and combat orders. There, during a military expedition in the Caucasus detachment over the river Kuban, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov showed himself a brave officer. For military achievements he was awarded the order of St. Anna with a bow, and he was in good standing with the command.

Nikolaev Cavalry school

Retirement

The Circumstances are such that Nikolai Martynov could hope for a successful career. However, for still unclear reasons, in 1841, being in the rank of major (recall that almost his age Lermontov was at that time only a Lieutenant), he suddenly submitted his resignation. It was rumored that the young man was forced to do it because he was caught cheating during a card game that among the officers was considered extremely shameful. In favor of such rumors, many people have cited the fact that Nikolai Martynov, who had sufficient financial means and connections not returned to the capital and settled away from society in Pyatigorsk and led a reclusive life. Among tourists and local Russian companies former major had a reputation for eccentric and original, as dressed in clothes of mountaineers and walked with a huge dagger, causing ridicule from former colleagues.

Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov

Mikhail Lermontov in the Caucasus

In 1841, the poet has already become famous to all Russia thanks to the verses of Pushkin. The efforts of his grandmother, having influential relatives among the court, allowed him to avoid more serious punishment. He was sent to the Caucasus as an ensign in the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. This assignment lasted long enough, and soon he once again shone in the capital's salons.Perhaps things would have been different, if not a quarrel in the house of Countess Laval Ernest de Baranton. The son of a French diplomat saw an insult in the epigram, which he gave mutual friends, wrote Mikhail Lermontov. During the duel, which took place near the site where he was mortally wounded Pushkin, nothing tragic happened: the sword of one of the fighters broke, Barante missed, and poet fired in the air. However, to hide the fact that the match failed and the poet exiled to the Caucasus, although he attempted to retire.

Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov nationality

The causes of the duel with Martynov

From the Northern capital the poet first came to Stavropol, where he stood his Tenghinka regiment, and after a while went for a short break to Pyatigorsk. And friends tried to persuade him not to do it. There he met many of his St. Petersburg friends, including Martynov. Bad language Lermontov extremely amused by the warlike appearance of a former classmate. The latter has long harbored a grudge against the poet, as he thought that it made fun of him in his epigrams, in which appeared the names of Martysh and Solomon. Subsequently, as the cause of the duel was considered the version according to which Martynov believed that Lermontov has compromised his sister. It was also pointed out the rivalry of young people about the benevolence of the French actress by the name of Adele, who was in the Caucasus with a tour.

Fight

Two days before the tragedy of its main characters was found at the home of General Verzilina. There were present the second future of the poet and his longtime friend, Prince troubetzkoy and wife and daughter of the house. In their presence, Lermontov was to release barbs about the funny “hillbilly”. In a tragic accident at these words the music stopped, and they could be heard by all, including Martynov, as always, dressed in Circassian. As later recalled mutual friends Lermontov and Martynov, it was not the first case when the poet mocked by a retired major. He endured until then, until it was possible to pretend that the jokes have no relation to him. However, during a musical evening at Verzelini it was too obvious, and Lermontov's duel with Martynov became inevitable. Offended “hillbilly” loudly declared that it no longer intends to stand ridicule, and left. The poet reassured ladies that tomorrow he and Nikolay Solomonovich reconciled as “happens”.

M. Yu Lermontov

Lermontov's Duel with Martynov

The evening of the same day, Michael and Nicholas had an unpleasant conversation, during which he made a challenge to a duel. The duel took place the next day. In standard version, Lermontov had a frivolous attitude to everything going on and shot into the air. Thus, he further angered Martynov and took a bullet in the chest. Since the match was not attended by the doctor, medical care was not provided, although it could hardly save the life of Lermontov.

After the duel Martynov was sentenced to deprivation of all rights of status and the demotion. However, Nicholas II decided to limit the punishment of three months imprisonment in the brig.

Lermontov's duel with Martynov

On life after the duel Martynov know quite little. He died at age 60, and was buried in his name in Yevlevo.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/11905-nikolai-martynov-killed-in-a-duel-lermontov-biography.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/21303-m-kalay-martyna-yak-zab-na-duel-m-yu-lermantava-b-yagraf-ya.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/21311-nikolay-martynov-der-in-einem-duell-von-m-j-lermontow-biografie.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/21326-nicol-s-martynov-mate-en-el-duelo-m-s-de-l-rmontov-biograf-a.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/11913-lermontov.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/11914-martynov-lermontov.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/21292-nikolay-martynov-elordada-ata-na-dueli-m-yu-lermontov-m-rbayany.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/21262-miko-aj-martynow-kt-ry-zabi-w-pojedynku-m-j-lermontowa-biografia.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/21260-nicholas-martynov-matou-em-duelo-m-yu-lermontov-biografia.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/21300-nicholas-martynov-ld-ren-d-ello-m-yu-lermontov-biyografi.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/21283-mikola-martinov-yakiy-ubiv-na-duel-m-yu-lermontova-b-ograf-ya.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/12655-nikolai-martynov-killed-in-a-duel-lermontov-biography.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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