Geological research includes the study of the geological and tectonic structure of large regions (areas, areas). In the course of research it turns out the stratigraphy (the sequence of occurrence of the geological formations), Genesis (origin) and the age of the rocks composing the earth's shell chickens in space research.
The Results of these studies are expressed in the form of geological maps. The geological map shows in graphical form on the topographic basis scale geological structure of the earth's crust in the horizontal plane in the concrete studied. For a map to apply in full the actual geological information. Geological sections are extremely important in areas where the rocks closed strong top soil-topsoil, modern man-made entities.
Geological section represents graphically the vertical section of earth's crust into deep, uncovered wells or mine workings. It is a mandatory extension of the geological map. Geological section lithological lights cut studied strata, the power of layers, their position, structure of geological bodies, the age of the rocks, the position of the groundwater level.
To obtain undistorted Informatii geological structure in relation to the terrain value of the scale (horizontal map scale) and vertical (scale cut) should be the same. But for the design of construction projects (roads, dams, buildings) the vertical scale of a geological section can be increased several hundreds of times.
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Geological cross-section built along the line of incision is carried out on the map across the stretch (across) geological structures. The line is carried out on the points, which represent the wells on the map. For more information about the geological structure of the earth's crust in the study area, line of geologic section may be broken.
For the construction of the section in the beginning on the graph paper build a topographic profile, carrying a distinctive elevations. Determine the average height of the area and height hold horizontal (zero) line. The profile is applied to the location of the wells and through these points drop the perpendicular to the zero line. Each perpendicular is the line on which you want to display the geological profile of the well using its documentation. The section line is applied also to a point for which there is documentation in the form of descriptions of natural outcrops of the crust. Then build geological cross-section, coupling lines (soles and roof) layers of rocks identical in lithology and age. To build a geological section correctly, carefully studying a map, identifying the structural elements, type of bedding of the rocks, faults.
Engineering-geological section differs from the additional geological information that characterizes the physical and mechanical properties of soils and the dynamics of the processes. For engineering evaluation areas for the construction of buildings requires not only geological information and characteristics of rocks on their strength, the water content, but also information about changes of the geological environment — occurring in the territory of the processes and phenomena: frost heave of soils, cartoonsanime landslides, the distribution of specific soils, groundwater regime, soil salinity, corrosive soils and groundwater to concrete, steel and many more. As a result of engineering-geological surveys identified the measures to be taken for the stability and durability of constructed facilities.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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