One of the most important natural materials that are widely used by man in various sectors of economic activity is wood. Properties of wood of a particular breed to determine the possibility of its application in a particular industry. The correct choice of material depends on the final appearance of the product, its quality and durability.
Hardwoods are characterized by an expressive structure and almost no smell. Felt it mostly directly after sawing and during processing. Most often wood is used as a finishing and decorative material. Distinguish Kalasasaya (oak, ash, elm, etc.). and russianconsulate deciduous species (birch, beech, walnut, aspen, basswood, etc.). They have a different character of vessels in the annual layer. Let us consider properties and wood structure of some hardwoods.
Oak Wood has an expressive structure and beautiful coloration. Rock sound. Has clearly visible annual layers, while the narrow sapwood is significantly different from the color of the kernel may be light brown or dark brown.
Oak wood is characterized by high durability and ability to bend. Due to the presence of tannins (in large quantities) has the highest resistance to decay compared with all hardwoods.
Properties of oak wood contribute to the easy handling of the material, good agresivamente and polished. Is widely used for carving, decoration and furniture manufacturing. Due to large vessels, the material is characterized by good shibamoto without destroying the fibers. Mechanical properties of wood allow you to use oak for the production of bentwood furniture.
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Valuable material for the trim is bog oak, which is the result of a prolonged stay in water becomes very high strength and in most cases almost black.
Breed kernel. The wood has a beautiful texture, white with a yellowish-red tinge. Annual layers are well visible. Beech wood is similar in some physical and mechanical properties of oak. It is strong, dense, solid, fairly easy to bend, cut, processed, varnishes and paints. However, when drying, are inclined to warp, and is resistant to rotting, which is almost never used for making furniture.
More popular beech wood in the manufacture of musical instruments, while carrying out some finishing works in the thread, and so on.
Has a dark brown core and light yellow sapwood is wide with a beautiful pattern of fibers. The wood is characterized by high strength and toughness. Has a good ability to bend while being steamed, a little prone to cracking, practically does not warp during drying. Resistant to rotting.
According to the value of wood ash is equal to mahogany. Used for furniture and musical instruments. Growths of ash (trays) make valuable crafts.
The Most widely used in industry white birch. Breed kernel, has a white wood with yellowish or reddish tinge. Characterized by good strength and toughness. Hardness and density – the middle.
The material is comfortable to work with. Well cut, drilled and easily polished, glued and painted. However, despite all the positive properties of birch wood, there are some shortcomings. It is virtually resistant to rotting, heavily shrinks, warps. But this does not affect the relevance of this material for finishing works, since the properties of birch wood enable you to perform simulation of various valuable species. Also, the material used for the production of a number of other products (joinery, veneer plywood, pads, skis, etc.).
A Very unusual texture very wood of Karelian birch. The broken medullary rays, wavy annual rings and dormant buds in the form of dark stripes combined give a beautiful mottled surface. The material used for the manufacture of products for the veneering of furniture.
Has a dark brown core and yellowish-white sapwood. The material is durable, hard, dense, viscous. In the process of drying and will not crack or warp. However, due to a too dense structure, penetrated by fine pores, significantly complicated the process of treatment (especially polishing) of the material.
Used in carpentry. When decoupling lends itself well to bending, therefore it is used for manufacturing bent parts. For turning crafts especially valuable nodules (Capa) on the elm.
Wood has a rich tonal palette and variety of textures. The color varies from light brownish grey to almost black. In freshly cut the wood is bright and gradually darkens. Is characterized by toughness, moderate hardness, high resistance to rot. Holds its shape, does not warp, easy to work with. Well polished, cut, glued and impregnated.
Mainly Used in decoration, furniture, hunting guns,for production of carved products.
During storage in the form of a felled aspen wood is white in color with a barely perceptible greenish tint. Medullary rays and of annual layers is almost not visible. A distinctive feature of the aspen wood is the almost complete lack of knots. Has a high resistance to moisture, does not warp, do not cracks. With aspen is easy to work with. It is soft, supple, well-cut, pricked, easily polished, securely glued. The disadvantage of aspen is quick drying.
The Properties and structure of wood determines its use for the production of plywood, the manufacture of matches, utensils, toys and other small items.
The Natural color of alder wood ranges from white to pale brown. After log in the result of the interaction with the air for a short time, changing to red-brown.
Wood is not very durable, by drying can warp, but it has a number of positive processing properties, as characterized by easy, moderate hygroscopicity and softness. Without problems can be cut, polished, gluing and staining. Has no odor and does not absorb foreign flavors. Has a strong resistance to rot, making often used for the equipment of wells and storerooms. In addition, used for carved and finishing works. Physical properties of alder wood allows you to simulate some tree species (for example, red and black tree).
The Wood is white with light pinkish tinge. Growth rings are almost not visible. Has a uniform structure and strength. Such properties of Linden wood, as lightness, softness and viscosity giving easy processing of the material in all directions both manually and on a lathe. Well painted, glued, keeps its shape. The wood is resistant to rot, during the drying and will not crack or warp.
Thanks to the robust structure and small deformation, the lime used for the manufacture of large parts carved furniture. Also, the material are made to the drawing boards, pencils, utensils, etc.
Wood has a reddish-white or pinkish-brown color. The younger the tree, the colour is lighter. The texture is homogeneous in density, medullary rays and growth rings are faintly visible. The material is solid, thick, heavy, and characterized by high toughness and compressive strength. Mechanical properties of pear wood superior to oak and ash. In the drying process practically does not warp or crack. Pretty good cut in all directions. It is easy to polishing and staining.
Often used as material for furniture decoration, carving, mosaic work. Physical properties of pear wood and give the possibility of making out her imitations of ebony.
The Wood is pink in color with bright red veins, hard, heavy, rather viscous, has a homogeneous structure. Characterized by high strength and durability. Wood Apple is prone to severe shrinkage and warping, so use it in dried form. The material is well polished, polished, painted. In the impregnation with varnish or linseed oil becomes dark brown in color. Mainly used to manufacture threaded and joinery.
Wood from conifers is characterized by the peculiar resinous odor, more clearly shown by the macrostructure and greater biostability compared to hardwoods. These properties of wood are related to conifers, contribute to their wide application in construction and manufacturing various consumer goods. For conifers include pine, spruce, larch, yew, fir, cedar and juniper.
The color of the sapwood of pine can vary from pale yellow to reddish yellow, core – from pink to brownish-red. Is characterized by a rather pronounced striped texture. The medullary rays are not visible. Annual rings are well visible on all cuts.
Wood is strong, soft, lightweight, very poignant. Due to the large amount of resin is characterized by increased resistance to rot. After drying, practically does not warp. Easily processed, good sawn and cut, glued together relatively well.
High technological properties of wood of pine and broad distribution make it the most frequently used softwood. The material used in construction (civil and industrial), furniture, joinery and parquet industries. In addition, pine make musical instruments, plywood, barrels, etc.
The spruce Wood is characterized by softness, lightness, good sharpness. A distinctive feature is the highly uniform distribution of the fibers. Physico-mechanical properties of spruce wood inferior to pine for some indicators. It has a lower strength and resin content, which makes it not so resistant to rainfall and other weathering. Because of stiff structure and a large number of knots pine wood is more difficult to process.
The Material is mainly used in the manufacture of furniture. Spruce also make string instruments (particularly violins), since no other tree is able to give such a response.
It Has narrow pale sapwood and reddish-brown core. Hard, resilient, resinous, extremely resistant to rotting wood. Properties of larch wood physical and mechanical high enough. Distinctive features of the material are strength and durability. Is also characterized by high density, which greatly increases the drying (to the extent that it does not clog the nail).
Due to the high physical-mechanical properties of larch has a wide application. Is an indispensable material for construction works. Flooring made of larch is characterized by high durability and a very long life. Beautiful texture and high resistance to warping make it a valuable material in the manufacture of furniture.
The Wood is a pinkish color with beautiful pattern texture. Annual rings are well visible on all cuts. Is light and soft. On technological properties of the cedar is inferior to pine, but outperforms spruce. The material is perfectly treatable, but not very resistant to rotting.
Cedar Wood has a different resonance properties, thus making musical instruments (guitars, harps, pianos). Besides used for furniture making, in the manufacture of pencils, and so on.
The structure of the wood of the fir is close to pine. It is quite solid and dense, is easily processed. Contains but little resinous substances, which is characterized by low resistance to decay and requires additional processing.
The Wood of the fir is quite often used in the construction of houses for the production of Windows and doors, complete floor covering. Also, this material is widely used for carvings.
Is a narrow Yellowish white sapwood and brownish-red nucleus. Annual layers are characterized by a sinuous shape, is well visible on all cuts. Tis included in the list of rock called the "red wood". Hard, heavy, dense wood. Properties of wood are mostly positive. Has high resistance to rot. Good work, polishing and painting. Considered one of the best materials used in finishing, turning and carpentry. Very valuable the tray, frequently made on the trunks of yew and used mainly as a finishing material.
The Wood of the shrub is characterized by sapwood Pinkish-white color and yellowish-brown core. Has wavy annual rings, which are well visible on all cuts. Medullary rays are not visible.
Wood is strong and heavy. Resistant to rot, almost never loses in volume in the drying process and virtually no swelling when interacting with water. The more dried material, the better the cut. Responds well to treatment, polishing and painting.
The Use of the material is somewhat limited due to the small size of the trunks of the shrub. Most often juniper wood is used for carving, making decorative items, small crafts, toys, turnery, and so on.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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