The day of the Paris commune: date, history

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2018-03-28 22:50:17

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The Day of the Paris commune is celebrated to commemorate the victory of the first proletarian revolution of 1871, March 18. The Paris commune was called formed during the events of 1871 in the French capital of the revolutionary government.

Background of the events of 1871

France, 19th century... Workers overthrew the bourgeois monarchy, in February 1848, put forward revolutionary demands. In June of the same year with the arms of the Paris proletariat opposed the Republic "privileges and capital" for the "social Republic". This was the first attack on the bourgeois order, the first great civil war between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. A heavy defeat in 1848, permanently weakened the working class. Only in 1871, he ventured again to speak against the government.

Is the Day of the Paris commune (1848 events served as its formation) by many now.

Appearance

After it was established between Prussia and France, the armistice in the Franco-Prussian war, there were riots in Paris that developed into a revolution. The imposition was the government, which continued in 1871, from March 18 to may 28. The Paris commune was headed by representatives of the party of anarchists and socialists. It was proclaimed by the leaders of both movements is the first example of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

The Natural phenomenon of history was the emergence of the Paris commune. The reason was the deep social contradictions that existed within the society of France, which worsened very dramatically after the defeat of the country during the Franco-Prussian war, which lasted from 1870 to 1871. It was formed in February, the government of Thiers (photo of it below), the protege of the big bourgeoisie, accepted the humiliating and harsh conditions of the peace Treaty. Revolutionary forces said the creation of the Republican Federation of the national guard. Led by its Central Committee.

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the day of the Paris commune date

Early days of the revolution

On the night of 18 March was made by the government of Thiers attempted to disarm the proletarian districts of Paris and arrest the representatives of the national guard. However, the plan failed. In a panic, the government fled to Versailles from Paris. National guard is located in the town hall, printing houses and barracks. Hall hoisted the red flag. So was proclaimed in an armed uprising and the overthrow of the bourgeois government and the Paris commune. Elections to the Council of the commune of Paris took place on March 26. Two days later he spent his first session, which was led by Proudhon, Bela. The new municipality on 29 March was renamed officially in the Paris commune.

Day of the Paris commune

Date of 18 March 1871 is special in the history of France. Know and remember well all over the world. It was then accomplished the proletarian revolution. 18 Mar fell the power of the bourgeoisie. It was the first day of the Paris commune. 1848 event was preceded, as we have already mentioned, this great date. According to the decision of the First international the following year on March 18, the day became a celebration of the first successful attempts to capture the working of political power. This is the Day of the Paris commune. It was celebrated until 1917 and in our country in an illegal meeting of revolutionary organizations. For the first time this revolutionary day, the widely celebrated once in March 1923 the Central Committee of MOPR have declared it a feast Day of the Paris commune.

Contributed to the emergence of the Paris commune?

France 19th century

On the verge of a national catastrophe was France after the defeat at Sedan. A large part of its territory was occupied by Prussian troops. They have also occupied for a short time, some areas of the capital. The national Assembly elected in 1871, February 8, consisted of overt and covert monarchists. More armed workers than Bismarck feared the big bourgeoisie. France under the terms of the preliminary agreement was obliged to pay a huge indemnity to Prussia. It amounted to 5 billion gold francs. Also Prussia was ceded Alsace and Lorraine.

National guard

Workers and progressive intellectuals came to the defense of the capital. In Paris in September 1870 was formed the national guard - 215 battalions. At the same time there was a political organization. The Central Committee of the national guard became actually the embryo of people's power.

The difficult situation in the capital in winter

Poor residents of Paris experienced at the siege of starvation and cold winter. In addition, shelling the capital were subjected to the Prussians. The products have been bad. According to some estimates, the Parisians ate forty thousand horses. A lot of money they paid for rats, cats and dogs. Norma products a day were 50 grams of horse meat and 300 grams of low-quality bread made from oats and rice. A huge queue was at the bakery. There is a crisis, a situation in which revolution was inevitable.

Became the pre-revolutionary situation in Paris. A. Thiers then decided to disperse the national guard by force of arms, the Central Committee to arrest her, to sign with Bismarck the final world, and then to restore the monarchy. In Bordeaux convened by the national Assembly, which then moved to Versailles.

Navigation division of the Versailles on the side of the rebels

Government forces in 1871, on the night of 18 March, managed to capture almost all were on the heights of Montmartre artillery. The People Of Parisraised the alarm. Soon the rebels moved almost all of the division of Versailles. This was one of the decisive events of the proletarian revolution. Battalions of the national guard on the orders of the Central Committee took the Ministry building, police barracks, railway station. On city hall the evening of March 19 the red flag was raised. Thus arose the Paris commune (date of formation - 18.03.1871) - proletarian state and the dictatorship on the workers. It lasted only 72 days. However, the history of Paris is unthinkable without the events, which was full this time.

March 18

The Appeal of the Central Committee of the national guard to the people

The Central Committee of the national guard on the same day, addressed a proclamation to the people of France, in which he expressed the hope that the capital will serve as a model for the formation of the new Republic. Starred a state of siege that was premature. It was said in the appeal to the guards that the Committee relinquishes its authority, because they do not want to take the place of those swept away just a storm of indignation of the people. The leaders of the uprising itself has not announced even a temporary government. They dared not take all the power.

Elections to the Commune

history of Paris

The Central Committee instead of to organize the March on Versailles, began to prepare the elections to the commune. But it was not conducted active agitation of the population for the candidates from the workers. Thus was lost the initiative time. Fatal consequences had the fear of the prosecution authorities of usurpation. In many departments of France supported the uprising in the capital, but due to the lack of leadership of the party unity of action was achieved.

On March 26, elections were held in the communal Council, which was the highest authority. Only 25 seats went to workers from 86. Others took the servants and the intelligentsia. The apparatus of the Paris commune was adapted as a form of government primarily to implement as fully as possible the revolutionary tasks set by the course of events.

Not only the decision taken by the members of the Council of the commune. They participated in their practical implementation. Eliminated, therefore, the different institutions, as well as the principle of separation of powers. The communal Council was chosen 10 committees of its members responsible for different spheres of life of society.

Armed forces

the day of the Paris commune of 1848

The Paris commune, as during the period of the Jacobin dictatorship relied on the armed people. In most districts of the capital on March 18 after police were replaced by the national guard, the reserve battalions.

Decree of 29 March 1871 abolished conscription and declared that the citizens fit for service are included in the national guard.

Actions of the Versailles government

Lurking in Paris, the enemies of the commune were allowed all the tools in the course in order to disorganize the life of the capital, to complicate the situation of the commune to hasten her death. For example, it was sabotage of employees municipal and state institutions, which was organized by the Versailles government. 29 Mar municipality decided that the orders and instructions of his more legitimate forces have and that are subject to immediate dismissal employees who intend this ruling to be ignored.

In the first days after the events of 18 March was bitterly opposed to the established power of the bourgeois press. She began to denigrate the leaders of the Paris commune, to dissolve them with malignant inventions. Of the Central Committee, and then the municipality has carried out against these actions, a number of measures. Only about 30 of Parisian journals and Newspapers were closed during the existence of the commune.

proletarian revolution

The Decision of 2 April

The History of Paris in 1871 was marked by several dramatic events. 2 APR decided to draw Thiers, and five members of the Versailles government to account. They were accused of unleashing a civil war, the attack on the capital. In response to the shooting of prisoners on 5 April, the commune issued a decree on hostages. According to it, every person who has been convicted of complicity with the Versailles government, was subject to arrest. The decree threatened execution of three hostages for each shot Communards.

Several hundred people have been arrested on the basis of this decree. Among them were Bonjean, a former Senator, Darboy, Archbishop, Zhekker, a big banker, and a group of gendarmes, priests, and officials. At the time of the executions the prisoners were forced to suspend the Versailles. However, when it became clear that the execution of hostages by the commune are not in a hurry, has resumed executions of prisoners of federates. Clearly lacked the leaders of the government understand the necessity of repression against class enemies. Lenin, analyzing the reasons for the failure of the Paris commune, noted that it is applied vigorously enough to suppress the resistance of the armed forces.

the day of the Paris commune

Despite the fact that on 28 may, the revolution was defeated, and in the world today, many people celebrate the Day of the Paris commune. It is a symbol of the victory of the proletariat in the struggle for power. Every Frenchman knows that March 18 is the Day of the Paris commune. This date went down in history as performing the first in the world proletarian revolution.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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