The formation of Mongol power: the causes, course, results and consequences

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2018-04-01 01:16:12

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The Formation of Mongol power historians refer to 1206. Its gains were enormous: China, all of Central Asia, the Caucasus, Russia, middle East, Hungary. The final collapse can be considered as 1480, when the tribes lost their fighting spirit dissipated and was engaged only in cattle breeding in their native steppes.education Mongolian state

Personality Temujin

The Formation of Mongol power all shall Temuchin (Temujin), as he was called in his youth. His father, Asiga kind of Borjigin, stole a beautiful wife in the Merkit tribe, when she was already married. Her son was born Temujin in the middle of the XII century in the district, who wandered on the banks of the river SWAT. When Ecija was poisoned by the Tatars, Temujin and his family were expelled from their homes. Tatars became personal enemies of Temujin. Temujin captured ticity to the younger boy could not avenge his father and reclaim their land. Temujin managed to escape, found the twin of his father, who gave him patronage, married the intended father of the bride Borte and began to strengthen their forces by raiding neighbouring districts. He didn't kill the prisoners, and took them to his service.the formation of Mongol power causes the course results

The Rise of Temujin

The Main wealth of the nomads was livestock and pastures. In an effort to have as many cattle they had mastered all new and new pastures – old was exhausted. The traditional territory of the nomads became close to herds and flocks. The case has sparked tribal conflict. Replaced the generic build was a “nomadic feudalism”. It helped a lot energetic and talented military leader, Temujin. In addition, the Chinese, to keep the peace at home, sowed enmity between nomadic tribes. A lot of fights held Temuchin before conquered the tribes of Tatars, tizitaw, Merkit, the Oirats. To 1206 under his power was all of Mongolia. On curtula (the Congress of all the Mongol khans) Temujin received the title of “Kagan” and took the name Genghis, which means “ocean” or, in another version, "elect of heaven”. The reasons for the formation of the Mongol power:

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  • Decay of the tribal system.
  • Lack of pastures for large tribal formations.
  • Insidious policy of inciting the tribes to each other by the Jurchen (North Eastern Chinese), whose vassals were the Mongols.

New laws of the Great Khan

Nomads Genghis Khan mixed and from different tribes and clans made up strictly organized army. Discipline and mutual assistance in it was iron. If battlefield ran one, it was executed ten, in which he was a member. Of the dozens was made hundreds, from hundreds-thousands, thousands – tumens (10 thousand people). For unauthorized transition from one dozen to another was executed. Only personal ability and devotion to the Khan now helped to promotion.reasons for the formation of the Mongolian state His first big battle he had, when opponents-Merkits captured his wife.

War with the Qin Empire

When I went to prepare the war with China, the continued education of the Mongolian state. The causes, course, results partly considered. Formally, Mongolia was a vassal of the Jurchen tribes that lived on the territory of Primorsky Krai, Korea, North-Eastern and Central China. In 1209 the Mongols used siege engines and captured the city Uraha, besieged the capital of the Kingdom of XI Xia. The Governor asked for peace and was married to Genghis Khan his daughter. So acquired military experience, and expanded Mongolia. To this dangerous neighbor voluntarily joined the Uighurs, who lived on the territory of Xinjiang. In 1210, the year this example was followed by two more Khan. Increased land and an army of Mongols. Genghis Khan was preparing for the conquest of a sedentary state of Qin. In 1213 the armies of the Mongols invaded the Empire. The huge army was divided into 3 parts and conquered the East, South and South-East. Beijing paid off.the formation of Mongol power briefly But a year later, in 1214 Genghis Khan came back, took Beijing and burned it. The city was burning for a month. Overall, it was destroyed 90 cities in China. In China, the grandson of Genghis Khan had founded the Mongol Empire (the yuan dynasty). It existed about a hundred years. So was the formation of the Mongol Empire. The causes, course, outcomes – in the review process.

Conquest of Central Asia and the Caucasus

In 1218 the troops of the Mongols conquered Semirechye and East Turkestan – land of the naimans, and before them opened the way to Khorezm, Bukhara, Samarkand, Urgench. The city was taken and destroyed. The Mongols professed the principle of "scorched earth". When the eldest son of Genghis Khan began to protest, for it was his district, and he wanted to keep it for yourself rich, then after a month he died from a poisoned arrow. In 1220 was conquered Northern Iran, Transcaucasia, and the Crimea.

The Trip to Russia

In 1223 the Russian princes to the Mongol envoys arrived. Killed them. The Mongols did not forgive such an attitude to the Embassy and after the defeat of the United forces of the Russian princes at the battle of the Kalka river made a feast. They put on still-living captives boards and sat on them, having a celebration under the painful screams of dying men. It is striking that the Mongols were only 20 thousand, and the number of Russian and Polovtsian troops according to various estimates ranges from 40 to 100 thousand.Meanwhile, the troops of Genghis Khan reached the Indus. So passed the education of the Mongolian state. Briefly, we can add that in 1241, when Russia was conquered and burned by the Mongols reached the Danube, up to Hungary and Poland.the formation of Mongol power, Genghis Khan their happiness, they turned back East and 240 years entrenched in Russia.

Civil war and the collapse of the Empire

The Formation of Mongol power, Genghis Khan happened in the most severe aggressive wars. No mercy was shown them. In Russia was fear and terror after the arrival of the troops of Batu. Gradually the Mongol khans had acquired the capital, became less energetic. Increasingly, between them quarrel broke out. Meanwhile, Russia strengthened, and ended the yoke of standing on the Ugra river.

Consequences

In Russia, strengthened the autocracy, and strengthened the Orthodox Church. Left the khanate of Kazan, which defeated Ivan the terrible, freeing about 60 thousand Russian slaves. Kazan Tatars lived peacefully, becoming Gentile Muslims. Left a splinter of the Mongol Empire in the Crimea. He was captivated by his serene Highness Prince Potemkin. Continued to exist, the town of Kasimov in Ryazan province, where it has long been settled by the Tatars. In the fifteenth century when the Golden Horde disintegrated, the Siberian khanate in the lower reaches of the Ob river. Only troops of Ermak and the subsequent development of Siberia in XVI century allowed Russia to build on its borders of a new fortress.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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