On the question, what was the name of Samara before, many will answer "Kuibyshev" and they will be right. However, this name received by the city in a period when many localities throughout the country was renamed in honor of prominent party members and revolutionaries, but its history began much earlier. That's about what name he had worn before, and which played a role in the life of Russia, will talk in this article.
The name of the city is directly connected with the name of the river Samara, the tributary of the Volga. The first mention of it is found in the records of the Secretary of the Embassy of the Arab Ibn Fadlan, who visited there while passing in may 922. He calls it the river of Samur, referring to the name given to her by the local nomads. However, no settlements of the Arab diplomat not mentioned.
What was the name of Samara earlier, that is before she officially established on the map of Russia, among researchers there is a hypothesis, according to which its former name was in tune with the present. This is evidenced, in particular, the extant Venetian map dated 1367, the company, which in the Volga region, designated settlement called Samar.
Settlement of the same name applied to different map drawn up in 1459 traveled along the Volga Catholic monk, fra Mauro. However, there are skeptics questioning the competence to identify ancient Samar the city arose on the banks of the Volga river in 1586.
It was in this year begins the story of Samara-based Bank of the same river, near its confluence with the Volga. Times were very rough, and to protect the territory from the constant raids of nomads and to protect them from the waterway from Kazan to Astrakhan, Tsar Feodor Ioannovich ordered the Prince G. O. Zasekin to build a fortress there.
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The Question, how did Samara, was seen by many generations of Russian historians. It was found that the will of the king appeared first small Fort, sprawling over time and turned into a fortress, which gave rise to the large Volga city. Its Foundation and further construction detail shown in the extant documents. They also provided the name of the city, eliminating any doubts about how Samara was called before.
According to historians, not extant Samara fortress was located in that part of town, where today is the factory for the manufacture of valves. Even in those days about the impact construction projects and had no idea, but the command of the sovereign performed without delay and a fortress was built surprisingly quickly-in just three months.
Settle in their new, still smelling of fresh tar Samara town (as it was commonly called in old times) serving people-archers, gunners Yes "collars", that is, those who ought to guard the gate from all the dashing folk. Here is the decree of the king was invoked to serve the Fatherland and knights.
The Story of Samara XVII century is a chronicle of unceasing work for its strengthening and extension. As a result, by 1700, the city consisted of five defensive lines, among them the Kremlin, the two cautious lines and the same lines of obstacles, soon destroyed by decay. However, this powerful-looking Outpost had a very major drawback – all its buildings were wooden, which affected most negatively during the fires that swept the city in 1700 and 1703.
Bitter experience, samarians was erected on the site of the former ashes a new, earthen fortress. During the archaeological excavations conducted in 2013-2014, the remains of this structure was discovered in the area of Grain area.
In 1851 was formed the Samara province, and since then the city became its capital, has received a powerful impetus for its economic and cultural development. In the late nineteenth century Samara was even called “Russian Chicago” in this burgeoning industrial production and trade. Town numbering in those years fifteen thousand inhabitants, was full of various enterprises, warehouses and steam mills.
It is interesting to note that for the first time in Russia the competition was replaced by the tram, coming from the city depot in 1915. As noted by Newspapers of the time, it was fully assembled from domestic parts and materials. Samara is home to so beloved by all of us "Zhigulevskoe" beer, production of which began in 1881 at the plant, owned by Austrian entrepreneur Alfred von Vacano. By the way, in the beginning it was called "Vienna", but then got a more Patriotic name.
In the first years after Samara for some time maintained its independence from the Bolsheviks, and the power in it belonged to the so-called Committee of members of the constituent Assembly. However, the course of history was inexorable, and she was among other Soviet cities. In 1935, "at the request of workers"(at the time was called the separate directives of the Communist party) the city was named after the prominent revolutionary and party leader V. V. Kuibyshev.
An Important role in the life of the country, the city played during the great Patriotic war. He essentially served as the second capital of the Soviet Union. Here, on the banks of the Volga, moved the Government and a number of foreign diplomatic missions.
In case of emergency the city was ready to become the headquarters of the Supreme commander I. V. Stalin. For him was built the residence also has an underground bunker. In our days it is part of the city Museum and open to visitors.
In addition to government agencies, the city housed many of the enterprises evacuated from the Western areas of the country, resulting in the level of industrial production over the war years has increased five times. To ensure front fighters in the city were the powerful aviation which established production of such world famous cars as the Il-2 and MiG-3 fighters.
There was a and continued the work of the Moscow Bolshoi theatre. An important event in the cultural life of Kuibyshev wartime was the performance in his hall of the seventh the Leningrad Symphony, which was completed here in the evacuation of the D. D. Shostakovich. A monument to the war was a city promenade, for lining which was made of granite, taken at the time of the defeated Germany.
During the whole period of Communist rule, until the beginning of perestroika, the party ideologues have made every effort to destroy the memory about how Samara was called before. The same trend was observed in other renamed cities of the country.
However, in 1990, the beginning swept the country democratic change the city returned its historical name, and eight years later the decision of the City Duma approved the flag of Samara. It is no exaggeration to say that for citizens it was not only the official symbol of the municipality, but also the visible manifestation of the changes brought by the restructuring in the life of every citizen of Russia.
Article in other languages:
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DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/16319-wie-hie-samara-fr-her-die-geschichte-von-samara.html
KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/16314-alay-ataldy-samara-b-ryn-aza-stan-tarihy-samara.html
PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/16289-jak-nazywa-a-si-samara-wcze-niej-historia-samary.html
PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/16291-como-o-chamado-de-samara-antes-a-hist-ria-de-samara.html
TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/16319-ad-neydi-samara-daha-nce-hikaye-samara.html
UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/16309-yak-nazivalasya-samara-ran-she-stor-ya-samari.html
Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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