Know the peculiarities of functioning of the body, each part of the structure, to be able to explore and anticipate the changes and pathology is an important task for professionals in the field of medicine. There is a science that deals with the study of just such questions. It's called physiology. The science of the processes that accompany the normal functioning of the body. It appeared a long time ago, Hippocrates was first shown interest in the functioning of living systems. Today there are various methods of studying physiology, which help to fully understand certain mechanisms and characteristics of an organism.
We must Start with the General concepts. Physiology is the science about the vital activity of the living being and its relationship with external environment, their impact on the health and proper functioning of organs and systems. In General, the main idea of this science is to identify the underlying mechanisms of existence of the living, to understand how it is self-regulation and other processes.
The Object of physiology is only a living organism, because it is possible to identify all interesting people regularities in its structure and functioning. Objectives of the course are clearly seen in the definition itself.
Thus, the subject, tasks and methods of physiology are the three components of the theoretical foundations of science. Many scientists at all times tried to grasp the essence of what is happening in the body, including a human, changes. However fully it has become possible only with the invention of modern devices and devices, that is, the full development of science was only the beginning of the twentieth century.
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That did not stop her to become one of the leaders of biological Sciences. Physiology, anatomy and medicine - three closely interrelated disciplines that are the Foundation for each other. Therefore, the methods of anatomy and physiology in some cases similar to each other.
By Itself, this study has several affiliated disciplines. Thus, there are physiology:
General deals with the study of life processes in General. That is, considering the patterns of occurrence of those reactions which are manifestations of life. For example, nutrition, respiration, allocation, regulation, change of sleep and wakefulness and other. This includes a section on how the physiology of the cells, which is engaged in a detailed study of all its life forms.
Comparative physiology compares the life processes of one or different types of organisms during ontogenesis. As a result, there is a whole branch of evolutionary physiology.
Private deals with more narrow specific studies. So, there are several variants of the disciplines included in this group.
Particularly extensive development recently received a study of man from the point of view of this science. After all, his organism has the most complex structure. Methods human physiology sufficiently varied and effective to identify all necessary for understanding things. There are:
Aggregate data of these disciplines help to embrace all the vast processes occurring inside the person and find access management.
There are several. There are historically developed, which were used even in ancient times. Today new formed and based on the latest scientific achievements in the field of technology, electronics, the study of electromagnetic radiation.
There are the following methods of physiology.
Some methods of research in physiology, we will examine further. They are the most frequently used and important.
These methods physiology was used in Ancient Egypt, Rome, China, in the Ancient East. Already then there were the researchers interested in the changes taking place in living organisms. For example, in Egypt in the mummification of the pharaohs and their families made the autopsy and recorded changes in the internal environment. To evaluate such factors as:
These characteristics were compared with those in healthy people and do certain conclusions. Maybe it was even set in some cases, the cause of death of the person.
Today, the observation has not lost its relevance, especially when it comes to neuroscience. The human behavior, emotions, temperament, the outer manifestations of tremor, sweating - all these features serve certain bells to the study. They give to understand the relationship of structure and external manifestations of those or other indicators of physiological functions and processes in the body.
The doctrine of the temperament of the scientist Pavlov on the basis of studying the processes of inhibition and excitation, which are outwardly manifested in various emotional overtones in behavior and reaction to certain events, words, actions. He proved that the basis galericinae, languishing, melancholic and phlegmatic manifestations are exactly the neural processes associated with mental activity of the brain, his reactions.
These findings have been repeatedly confirmed by different scholars and psychologists, researchers. Therefore, such methods of human physiology, observation and experiment, which will be discussed further, was and is relevant, important and productive.
Experimental methods for the study of physiology is a basic and historically the oldest, most popular. Indeed, how else to learn if not? Therefore, along with the observation was conducted and various kinds of testing, often on animals. They give almost hundred percent results in the studies allowed to obtain the most accurate data.
There are experimental methods for studying the anatomy and physiology that can be reduced to two major groups.
So he worked basic methods of physiology are relevant in some cases to this day. Although, of course, modern technical innovations gradually completely replace intervention directly into the body from the person. It is now possible to obtain the necessary information in very different, less painful, more accurate and appropriate and human ways.
Methods of human physiology are based on the use of certain equipment. Among these devices occupy an important place.
Thus, the modern methods of the science of physiology based on the use of instruments are the most precise, painless and scientifically informative of all of us discussed above.
Methods anatomy and physiology is not only similar to each other. They have also been linked with other Sciences. So, there is a biological physiology, biochemistry, and physical physiology. These Sciences study the processes inside the body from their point of view, that is, chemical, physical and biological.
So, with the help of these ways the impact of a substance (neurotransmitter, hormone, enzyme) on what is happening in the body processes. Chemistry helps in establishing the properties of this connection, the physics determines its thermodynamic parameters that can affect the body. Physiology requires exposure not only to a particular process, but in General on the body, the body and a set of external conditions. All these Sciences together under the General title biological chemistry.
Subject and methods of physiology are closely linked and interdependent from each other concepts. However, a normal study of a healthy living organism - that is not all. There is also pathophysiology, or pathological, which explores the violation of the vital processes, their occurrence, effect on the body as a whole and each of its, and so on. Therefore, this discipline there own set of ways in which it is possible to study the identified issues.
What is physiology methods?
Only on the basis of material obtained using all methods, the doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment.
The science of life (operation) of plant organisms. We are talking about all forms of life from unicellular to higher, including algae. The task of plant physiologists, are as follows:
Of Course, task quite not simple. Because plants, true living organisms, in which every second, as in man, there are hundreds of biochemical reactions. The physiologist should study each of them. Plants breathe, eat, carry out the process of photosynthesis, reproduce, grow and develop - it is a normal activity for all living beings. The study of all these processes is the task of physiologists.
To Solve the problem carry out photosynthesis in artificial conditions - means to give people access to a hugepotential power source. Because then world hunger will disappear, the quality of life will increase significantly. But while completely to solve this problem failed, although many of the issues in the field of photochemical part of the process has been resolved.
Plant Physiology is closely bordered by the following modern Sciences:
Naturally, this is reflected in the ways in which studies of plant organisms. Thus, the methods of plant physiology.
Ochevidno that they are based on the measurement of numerical indicators of: productivity, mass gain, development of results of plastic and energy metabolism. That allow to solve these methods? Very important agricultural tasks such as:
Thus, the physiology of plants is another fundamental biological science that plays an important role in human life.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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