The civil war in Tajikistan (1992-1997): description, history and consequences

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2018-07-20 18:00:30

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On the Eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union (and back in the early 80-ies), the situation on the outskirts of the state was such that Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Tajikistan and many other Central Asian republics were not recognized by Moscow and was, in fact, on the path of separatism. After the collapse of the Union was followed by a terrible massacre: first, under the distribution of hit of our compatriots, and then the local government began to eliminate all possible rivals. Approximately the same scenario was developing civil war in Tajikistan.

civil war in TajikistanShould be noted that Tajikistan, as in Kazakhstan, was one of the few Central Asian republics, who really did not want the collapse of the Soviet Union. And therefore the passions here was that led to the civil war.

Prerequisites

Do Not, however, think it began “suddenly and suddenly”, as each phenomenon has its origins. They were in this case.

The Demographic success – including. What was the Tajikistan 1990s? The civil war began in the region of the former Soviet Union, where until his last days saw a rapid and constant population growth. In order to exploit the enormous labor reserves, people moving to different parts of the Republic. But such methods the problem to solve and failed. Perestroika began, the industrial boom stopped as stopped, and subsidy programs for the resettlement. Hidden unemployment reached 25%.

Problems with the neighbors

At the same time in Afghanistan was a regime of the Taliban, and Uzbekistan began to harshly interfere in the Affairs of the former fraternal republics. At the same time on the territory of Tajikistan has faced the interests of the United States and Iran. Finally, the Soviet Union is gone, and the newly formed Russian Federation could no longer perform the duties of the referee in this region. The voltage was gradually increased, its logical outcome was the civil war in Tajikistan.

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The Beginning of the conflict

civil war in Tajikistan, 1992 1997In General, the beginning of the conflict to actively contribute to the processes which proceeded in Afghanistan. Between Pashtun, Tajik and Uzbek groups started an armed struggle for power in the region. It is expected that the Pashtuns in the face of the Taliban was obviously stronger than his disparate and constantly quarreling among themselves opponents. Of course, the Tajiks and Uzbeks rushed to mate with each other. In particular, Uzbekistan has actively supported its stooges in the territory of the Tajiks. Thus, the Uzbeks can be considered a “full” the participants of the civil war. This should tell us more.

So, the official armed forces of Uzbekistan, along with polubanditskimi units Hissar Uzbeks was actively involved in hostilities even in 1997, when the conflict has finally started to fade. Before the UN Uzbeks were actively justified by the fact that they supposedly contribute to prevent the spread of radical Islam.

Actions of third parties

Of Course, amid all this ugliness, all parties have attempted to grab a fatter piece of the pie, hoping to increase their influence in the region. So, in Dushanbe (1992) almost simultaneously opened embassies of Iran and the United States. Naturally, they played on different sides, supporting various opposition forces operating on the territory of Tajikistan. The passive position of Russia, which she took from a lack of power in the region, played into the hands of all, especially the – Saudi Arabia. Arab sheiks could not help but notice how comfortable Tajikistan as a springboard, perfectly adapted for operations in Afghanistan.

The Beginning of the civil war

a brief history of the civil war in TajikistanAmid all this ever-growing appetites of criminal structures, which at that time played an important role in the administrative apparatus of Tajikistan. All have deteriorated since 1989, when it was carried out mass Amnesty. Many former prisoners, fueled by money from third parties was ready to fight against anyone and anything. That “soup” was born of the civil war in Tajikistan. The government lied, but to achieve it optimally suits semi-criminal structures.

The Clashes began in 1989. Some experts believe that the war erupted after anti-Communist demonstrations in Dushanbe. Supposedly the Soviet government after it lost face. Such views are naive, as in late 70-ies of the government of Moscow, was recognized only formally. Nagorno-Karabakh has shown a complete inability of the Kremlin to adequate actions in case of threat, so that radical forces at that time just came out of the shadows.

Elections

On 24 November 1991 was the first presidential election, won by Nabiev. In General, it was easy, as rivals in these “elections”. Of course, then began the mass fermentation, the newly elected President handed weapon Kulyab clan, whose representatives were based.

Some exalted, the authors argue that it was a catastrophic mistake for a democratic society of the young Republic. So. At that timeon the territory of Tajikistan is concentrated such number of unregistered weapons and fighters from Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, the beginning of the collision was only a matter of time. Unfortunately, the civil war in Tajikistan was originally destined.

Military action

Tajikistan 1992 1997In early may 1992, the radicals opposed the idea of creation of the kulyabis “National guard" of immediately going on the offensive. Was captured by the main communication centers, hospitals, actively taken hostage, the first blood was shed. Parliament under such pressure, quickly provided the warring clans of the key posts. Thus, the spring of 1992 ended with the formation of a “coalition” government.

His representatives did not practically useful for new countries, but actively at odds, they built each other intrigues and engage in an open confrontation. Of course, so long could not continue, the civil war began in Tajikistan. In short, its origins should be sought in the unwillingness to negotiate with opponents.

The Coalition still had some inner unity, aimed at the physical destruction of all potential opponents. Military operations were conducted with extreme animal cruelty. No prisoners, no witnesses left. In the early autumn of 1992, the Nabieva was taken hostage and forced to sign a recantation. The government took the opposition. This brief history of the civil war in Tajikistan could end up as the new elite offered a very sensible idea and was not eager to drown the country in blood… But it was not true.

Entry into the war third forces

First, the radicals had joined Hissar Uzbeks. Second, the government of Uzbekistan openly declared that the armed forces of the country will also join the battle if gissara will win a landslide victory. However, the Uzbeks did not hesitate to massively use its troops on the territory of a neighboring country without seeking the permission of the UN. It is through such “rallying the hodgepodge” punitive so long lasted civil war in Tajikistan (1992-1997).

Killings

war in TajikistanAt the end of 1992, hissari and kulyabis capture Dushanbe. The opposition forces began to retreat into the mountains after them went Tola thousands of refugees. Some of them went first to Apmir, and from there people moved to Afghanistan. The majority fled from the war, people went towards the Garm. Unfortunately, there also went death squads. When they reached the unarmed people, broke out a terrible massacre. Hundreds and thousands of corpses were simply thrown into the river of surkhab. Bodies were so many that the locals don't even go to the river for almost two decades.

Since the war lasted, then excited, then again fading, for more than five years. Generally, “civilian” this conflict is to not call too correct, as up to 60 % of the troops of the warring parties, not to mention the gangs were immigrants from other regions of the former USSR, including Georgia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. So the duration of hostilities is clear: to someone outside the country was extremely profitable longstanding and ongoing armed resistance.

In General, the uprising of the opposition did not end there. How long was the civil war in Tajikistan? 1992-1997, as stated in official point of view. But it is not so, because the latter clashes date back to the early 2000-ies. According to unofficial data, the situation in this Central Asian country and to this day is far from ideal. This is especially true now, when Afghanistan was transformed in the territory, overrun by vakhabite.

The consequences of the war

They say that for most countries the scourge is not an invasion, not a natural disaster, and civil war. In Tajikistan (1992-1997) the population has been able to verify this from their own experience.

civil war in Tajikistan, 1992 1997The Events of those years were characterized by huge victims among the citizens, as well as enormous economic losses in the fighting were destroyed virtually the entire industrial infrastructure of the former Republic of the Soviet Union, barely managed to defend the unique hydroelectric power station, which currently provides up to 1/3 of the total budget of Tajikistan. According to official figures, killed 100 thousand people, the same – was missing. Tellingly, among the latter – at least 70 % Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians, which, until the collapse of the Union also lived on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan (1992). The civil war only intensified and accelerated manifestations of xenophobia.

The refugee Issue

The Exact number of refugees is still not known. Most likely, they were much more than a million, which they say is the official Tajik authorities. By the way, is the refugee problem is still one of the most pressing issues that the government is trying to avoid when communicating with their colleagues from Russia, Uzbekistan, Iran and even Afghanistan. In our country suggest that the country has left at least four million people.

In the first wave fled, scientists, doctors, writers. Thus, Tajikistan (1992-1997) lost not only industrial facilities, but its intellectual core.Still, the country is experiencing acute shortage of many qualified specialists. In particular, it is for this reason still not started the development of numerous mineral deposits that exist in the country.

President Rakhmonov in 1997 issued a decree on the organization of international Fund “Reconciliation”, which theoretically helped refugees to return to Tajikistan. The civil war in 1992 are too costly for the country, and therefore the differences in the past, no one pays attention.

Conclusion

But took advantage of this offer mainly low-skilled workers and former fighters of the opposing sides. Competent professionals in the country of return is not going to, as they have long been assimilated abroad, and their children do not know neither the language nor the customs of their former homeland. In addition, almost completely destroyed industry of Tajikistan contributes to the growing number of migrant workers. In the country have no place to work, but because they go abroad: in Russia, according to 2013 data, constantly working not less than one million Tajiks.

civil war in Tajikistan brieflyAnd it – only officially passed through FMS. According to unofficial data, their number in our country can reach 2-3. 5 million. So the war in Tajikistan confirms the thesis that the civil conflict – the worst thing that can happen in the country. Benefit from them no to anyone (except the external enemies).


Article in other languages:

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BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/4143-gramadzyanskaya-vayna-tadzhyk-stane-1992-1997-gady-ap-sanne-g-storyya-.html

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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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