Immunohistochemistry analysis: meaning and features of

The most Important point in the diagnosis of cancer is immunohistochemistry. Daily in the human body penetrate the microorganisms that can trigger the development of the pathological process. Defenses to resist this by forming antibodies. This reaction formed the basis for the creation of IHC-studies.

The method

The method of diagnosis of cancer is the most advanced and reliable. In the process of cancer development are formed alien organism proteins-antigens. At the same time, the immune system produces antibodies, whose main goal – prevent the breeding of pathogenic microorganisms.

The Goal of immunohistochemical studies is the timely detection of cancer cells. For this biological material of the patient is treated with multiple antibodies, and then carefully studied under a microscope. If these protein compounds will contact with tumor cells will render them glow. The effect of fluorescence and indicates the presence in the body of cancer cells.

Today a cochlear IHC-study, are available for almost all antibodies to different types of tumors, what is the key to obtain reliable results.

Facilities

Modern type of diagnostics allows to define:

• Dissemination of tumor process;
• The rate of growth of malignant tumors;
• The type of tumor;
• Source of metastases;
• The level of malignancy.

In addition, using immunohistochemical studies can assess the effectiveness of cancer treatment.

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Indications and contraindications

With the help of this method, the any tissue of the human body. The main reason given for immunohistochemical studies is the presence of a malignancy.

In this case, the method is used for:

• Determine the type of tumor and its location;
• Detection of metastases;
• Assess the activity of the tumor process;
• Detection of pathological microorganisms.

Analysis effective in problems with conception.

Immunohistochemical study of the endometrium is shown in:

• Infertility;
• Diseases of the uterus;
• The presence of pathologies in the reproductive system organs.
• Miscarriage;
• Chronic diseases of the endometrium.

In addition, IHC-study is assigned to patients whose pregnancy does not occur even after several attempts of in vitro fertilization. The method allows to determine whether there are cells in the body that reduce probability of conception.

Contraindications for IHC-the study does not exist. The only factor which is impossible to analyze, is an insurmountable difficulty in sampling of biological material of the patient.

How is

The first method of biopsy to get a tissue sample of the patient. The rarer the material is in the process of endoscopic examination or surgery. A method of obtaining a sample depends on the type of tumor and its location.

The Important caveat is that the material during the initial examination should be carried out before starting treatment. Otherwise, the results of the study may be distorted.

After the collection of biological material it is placed in formalin and sent to a laboratory where it is subjected to the following treatment:

1. A tissue Sample is degreased and filled with paraffin. In this kind of biological material can be stored for a very long time, due to which IHC-study may be re-convened.
2. Sample collect a few thin slices and move them on a special glass.
3. They biomaterial stained with solutions of different antibodies. At this stage, can be used as a small panel or large. In the first case, we study the reaction after using 5 types of antibodies, the second – to a few dozen.
4. In the process of immunohistochemical studies for cancer of any organ there is an effect of fluorescence, which allows the specialist to determine the type of malignant cells.

Interpretation of results

As a rule, the conclusion ready in 7–15 days. The period depends on the kind of used panel (small or large). The advanced method takes more time.

The Study sections of the biomaterial deals with the pathologist having knowledge and skills (verified by an official document) necessary for analysis.

When interpreting the results, particular attention is drawn to the index of Ki-67. It provides information on the degree of malignancy. For example, if the outcome indicator after immunohistochemical study in breast cancer is not more than 15%, it is considered that the forecast is more than favorable. A level of 30% indicates the activity of the tumor process, i.e. quickthe speed of his development. Usually, she stops after a course of chemotherapy.

According to some statistics, if Ki-67 is less than 10%, the outcome of the disease is favorable (in 95% of cases). A mark of 90% and above means nearly 100% fatal.

In addition to the indicator of malignancy, the report shall include:

• Antibodies, to which the similarity (affinity);
• The appearance of cancer cells, their quantitative value.

It is Important to understand that the exact diagnosis is made after receipt and analysis of information gathered through all the diagnostic procedures. Despite the fact that IHC analysis is considered the most informative method in comparison with histology, it is sometimes necessary to use both methods. Transcript immunohistochemical studies deals exclusively with the oncologist.

In conclusion

In modern medicine, special attention is paid to the diagnosis of cancer. The most modern and informative method is immunohistochemical study. With it revealed not only the presence of cancer cells, but also determines the type and rate of development of malignant process. In addition, based on the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment.