Physiological basis of sensation and perception

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2018-03-23 09:41:21

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As is known, realization of personal potential is in the process of life. She, in turn, is possible only at the expense of understanding the surrounding conditions. Ensuring interaction of the individual with the external world is conditioned by the personality traits, attitudes and motives. Meanwhile, any mental phenomenon is a reflection of reality and is a part of the system of regulation. The defining element in the operation is Sensation. The concept of physiological basis Feelings, in turn, connected with thinking and logical cognition. A significant role is played by words and language in General, which realize the function of generalization. the physiological basis of sensations

Inverse relationship

The Physiological basis of sensation, in short, are the basis on which the sensual experience of man. Data representation memory cause logical thinking. All What is the physiological basis of feelings, acts as a link between man and the surrounding world. Feelings allow you to explore the world. Consider further, how is The physiological basis of sensations in psychology (brief).

Touch organization

It represents the level of development of certain systems of sensitivity, the possibility of combining them. Sensory structures called sense organs. They act as The physiological basis of sensations and perceptions. These structures can be called receivers. Feelings come in and are converted into perception. Any receiver has a certain sensitivity. If we turn to the fauna, it can be noted that they have physiological basis of sensation is activity of a certain type of sensors. This, in turn, acts as a generic feature of animals. For example, bats are sensitive to short ultrasonic pulses, dogs have an excellent sense of smell. If you touch The physiological basis of sensations and perceptions Man, it must be said that the sensory system exists since the first days of life. However, the development will depend on the efforts and desires of the individual.

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The Concept of feeling: the physiological basis of concepts (briefly)

Before considering the mechanism of functioning of elements of sensory systems, we should define the terminology. The feeling is called the manifestation of the General biological properties-sensitivity. It is inherent in living matter. Through the sensations a person interacts with the external and your inner world. Through them information about the ongoing phenomena enters the brain. All What is the physiological basis of sensations, Allows you to receive various information items. For example, about their taste, color, smell, movement, sound. The sensors transmit to the brain and information about the condition of the internal organs. From the arising of sensations formed a pattern of experience. The Physiological basis of the process of sensation allows you to carry out initial data processing. They, in turn, act as a base for more complex operations, for example, processes such as thinking, memory, perception, representation. the physiological basis of sensations in psychology briefly

Information Processing

It is implemented by the brain. The processing result data – to develop a response or strategy. It can be directed, for example, increased tone, greater focus on current operations, adjustment to accelerate the inclusion of a cognitive process. The number of options available, as well as the quality of the choice of a particular reaction depends on various factors. The value, in particular, will have the individual characteristics of the individual, the strategy of interaction with others, level of organization and development of higher nervous functions, and so forth.

Parsers

The Physiological basis of feelings is formed due to the functioning of a particular nervous apparatus. They include three components. In the analyzer are:

  1. Receptor. It acts as the sensing element. The receptor converts external energy into nervous operation.
  2. Central division. He presents the afferent or sensitive nerves.
  3. Cortex parts. they nerve impulses are processed.

Specific receptors correspond to specific areas of the cortical divisions. Every sense organ has its own specialization. It depends not only on the structural features of receptors. Equally important is the specialization of the neurons that are included in the Central apparatus. It comes to the signals passing through the peripheral senses. It should be noted that the analyzer – not the passive receiver of sensations. He has the ability to reflex rebuilding under the influence of stimuli.

 the concept of feeling the physiological basis of the concept briefly

Property information

The Physiological basis of feelings allow you to describe data coming in via sensors. Any information can be characterized by its inherent properties. The key of them include the duration, intensity, spatial localization, quality. For example, the last is a specific feature of the specific feeling itdifferent from the rest. Quality varies within a particular modality. So, in the visual spectrum of isolated properties such as brightness, hue, saturation. Auditory sensations have qualities such as pitch, timbre, volume. When touched, the brain receives information about the hardness and roughness of the object and so on.

Differentiation

What could be The physiological basis of sensations? Classification of sensations can be performed according to various criteria. The simplest differentiation is considered according to the modality of the stimulus. Accordingly, on this basis you can select and The physiological basis of feelings. Modality – is a quality characteristic. It reflects the specificity of sensations as the simplest mental signals. Differentiation is carried out depending on the location of the receptors. On this basis there are three groups of sensations. The former include those associated with surface receptors: cutaneous, olfactory, gustatory, auditory, visual. Feelings that arise in them, called exteroretseptivna. The second group included those associated with sensors located in the internal organs. These sensations are called interoreceptors. The third group includes those associated with the receptors on the muscles, tendons and ligaments. This motor and static sensations – proprioreceptive. Differentiation is also accomplished by the modality of the sensor. On this basis allocate contact sensations (taste, touch) and distant (auditory, visual). analyzers physiological basis of sensations

Types

The Physiological basis of feelings – integrated components of a single sensor system. These units can detect different properties of one object at a time. This is because the The physiological basis of feelings react to certain stimuli. Each receptor has its own agent. In line with this, there are the following types of sensations, such as:

  1. Visual. They arise under the influence of light rays on the retina.
  2. Hearing aid. These feelings cause speech, music or noise waves.
  3. Vibration. Such feelings arise due to the ability to capture the fluctuations of the environment. Such sensitivity is poorly developed in humans.
  4. Olfactory. They allow you to catch sapahi.
  5. Tactile.
  6. Cognie.
  7. Vkusnye.
  8. Bolivia.
  9. Temperature.

Particularly strong emotional coloring of the pain. They are visible and audible to others. Temperature sensitivity varies in different parts of the body. In some cases, the person may appear pseudomusaria. They are expressed in the form of hallucinations and appear in the absence of the stimulus.

Vision

As of the sensing device is the eye. This sense organ has a fairly complex structure. Light waves reflect off of objects, refract when passing through the lens, and fixed on the retina. The eye is considered a distant receptor, because it gives an idea of the items located at a distance from the person. The reflection space is provided by the parity analyzer, change the image size on the retina when approaching/removing to/from a subject, the ability of information and breeding eyes. In the retina there are several tens of thousands of nerve endings. Under the influence of waves of light, they get annoyed. The nerve endings are distinguished by function and form. the physiological basis of the classification of sensations sensations

The Rumor

Delicate finishing, allowing to perceive the sound, located in the inner ear, the cochlea membrane and hairs. External body collects the vibrations. The middle ear transmits them to the cochlea. The sensitive end of the last one irritated by the resonance – different thickness and length of the nerves are set in motion when you receive a certain number of vibrations per second. Received signals are sent to the brain. Sound has the following properties: strength, tone, height, length and rhythmic pattern. Called phonemic hearing, which allows to distinguish it. It depends on the environment and is formed throughout life. With a good knowledge of a foreign language is produced by the new system of phonemic hearing. It has an impact on the literacy of the writing. Similarly, speech develops an ear for music. Less importance for man are the rustlings and noises if they do not interfere with its activities. They can also cause pleasant emotions. For example, many people like the sound of rain, rustling of leaves. While such sounds can signal the danger. For example, the hiss of gas.

Vibration sensitivity

It is considered a type of auditory sensations. Vibration sensitivity reflects the oscillations of the medium. Figuratively it is called a contact hearing. Having no special vibration receptors. Scientists believe that such sensitivity – the most ancient on the planet. At the same time reflect fluctuations in the external and internal environment can all tissues in the body. Vibration sensitivity in a person's life is subject to visual and auditory. Its practical importance is growing in those areas where vibrations act as signals of trouble or danger. Deaf-blind people and deaf people havehigh vibration sensitivity. She compensates for the lack of other sensations. the physiological basis of the process of feelings

Sense of Smell

It refers to the distant sensations. As the irritants that cause olfactory sensitivity, are the elements of substances penetrating into the cavity of the nose. They dissolve in liquid and have an effect on the receptor. In many animals the sense of smell is the primary sense. They are guided by smell when looking for food or fleeing from danger. The human sense of smell has little to do with orienteering. This is due to the presence of hearing and vision. The instability and underdevelopment of the olfactory sensitivity indicates the absence in the lexicon of words clearly indicating the sensation and not associated with the object itself. For example, say "the smell of lilies of the valley". The sense of smell is connected with taste. It promotes recognition of the quality of the food. In some cases, the sense of smell allows us to distinguish between substances in chemical composition.

Taste

He refers to contact feelings. Taste sensitivity is caused by irritation of receptors located on the tongue, with the subject. They allow you to determine sour, salty, sweet, bitter foods. The combination of these qualities creates a set of taste sensations. Primary data processing is carried out in the dermal papilla. Each has 50-150 receptor cells. They quickly wear out when in contact with food, but possess a recovery function. The sensory signals are routed to the gustatory cortex through the back brain and the thalamus. As olfactory, these sensations increase appetite. Receptors, assessing the quality of food, perform a protective function, which is very important for survival.

Skin

It is several independent sensory structures:

  1. Tactile.
  2. Pain.
  3. Temperature.

Skin sensitivity refers to the group of contact sensations. The maximum number of sensory cells located on the palms, lips and fingertips. The transmission of information from receptor is carried to the spinal cord due to their contact with motor neurons. It ensures the implementation of reflex action. For example, a person pulls the hand from hot. Temperature sensitivity provides the regulation of heat exchange between the external environment and the body. It is worth saying that the distribution of cold and thermal sensors uneven. More sensitive to low temperature back, at least – the chest. The pain is caused by severe pressure on the surface of the body. The nerve endings are located deeper tactile receptors. The latter, in turn, can form an idea about the qualities of the subject. the physiological basis of sensation is activity

Kinesthetically sensitivity

It includes the sense of movement and rigidity of the individual elements of the body. Receptors are located in tendons and muscles. The irritation is caused by the contraction and stretching of muscles. Many motor sensors located on the lips, tongue, fingers. This is due to the necessity of making these body parts subtle and precise movements. The work of the analyzer provides control and coordination of movement. The formation of speech kinesthesis occurs in infancy and preschool age.

Vestibular sensitivity

A Static or gravitational sensations allow man to understand his own position in space. The corresponding receptors are in the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear. Sacs and channels to convert the signals of the relative movement and gravity, passing them then to the cerebellum as well as in the area of the cortex in the temporal region. Abrupt and frequent change of position of the torso relative to the ground may cause dizziness.

Conclusion

The Physiological basis of sensations in psychology is of particular practical importance. Her study allows us to determine pathways of signals from the outside, distribute them to the receptors, to trace the course of primary information processing. Physiological basis of sensations in psychology – the key to understanding the properties of the sensory system. The analysis allows to identify the causes of certain deviations of sensitivity to estimate the impact of certain stimuli on the receptors. The obtained information is used in various scientific and industrial fields. The special role of the results of the research are in medicine. The study of the properties of receptors and stimuli allows you to create new drugs, develop more effective tactics of treatment of mental and other diseases.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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